History through Oral Interviews Essay

When it comes to stories about the sixties, we have one family friend that we rely on. Uncle Jim, or simply Jim to my parents, is a guy with a lot of stories about the past. The topic I asked him to share was about the growth of feminism in the country. According to him, women were treated very differently back then. Very few women were employed, doing the same job that of a man, with most of the females confined in their houses doing household chores. He shared that the growth of feminism at that time came as a shock to most of the people back then. Women started wanting to get recognized, demanding equal opportunities as men. If we look at it in today’s perspective, it would be right for women to demand equal treatment, but back then, it was really different. He mentioned that it was quite awkward working with them, but as more and more women started doing men’s work, the people got used to it. This personal experience account somehow differs from the textbook’s treatment. First of all, it is personal, wherein we have to consider the point of view of Uncle Jim, and that his story may have biases. The textbook offers a more general view of the topic, while the personal account focused more on a specific aspect, and that is about the effect of growing feminism in the workplace. Oral histories give a more colorful angle in the story, like how the men felt awkward working with women in some jobs back then. Also, oral histories are more interesting, though may not be that much informative as compared to textbooks. Again, its because of the perspective of person being considered in conveying events and other information.

Jeep JK Essay

2013 Overland Expo Photo Highlights May 19th, 2013 Since I first heard about it a few years back, I have been wanting to attend the Overland Expo and see what it was all about. Certainly, as anyone who knows me knows, I love gadgets and innovative equipment that can help out on the trail and figured, if anyone would have it, they would. Odyssey Extreme Series Battery PC1220 for 2012-Up Jeep JK Wranglers December 18th, 2012 In 2012, Chrysler decided to switch out the standard Group 34 battery they had been using since 2007 and replaced it with a Group 91. For the most part, this would be no big deal as they are pretty much the same thing but, there is one key difference that makes it difficult to use a Group 34 and, that is the terminals are on opposite sides. Because the power and ground leads are cut to such an exact length, you can’t simply cross them over and call it a day. Of course, to complicate things even more, a Group 91 battery isn’t really a common size and certainly not one you can find easily in a deep cycle format or, at least not until now. RECOVERY GEAR: A Must Have Before Hitting the Trails November 27th, 2012 If there’s one question I get asked all the time from new Jeepers it’s, â€Å"what’s the first mod I should do to my Jeep?† And, my answer to them is always the same, â€Å"recovery gear†. Fact of the matter is, whether you’re new to the world of off-roading with a right off the show room floor stock Jeep, or a long time veteran with a highly modified built up trail rig, everyone gets into a jam sooner or later. Dynatrac Now Accepting Pre-Orders for the ProRock 80 November 15th, 2012 One of the major problems facing JKU owners is vehicle weight. These rigs get heavy fast. More and more owners are going to full floating axles to better support the weight of their rigs. At the same time, tire sizes are getting larger and, combined with a heavy vehicle weight, the rigs are moving beyon  the durability of a HP 60 gear set. This is why the PR80 might be the right option for your JK. 2012 SEMA Spotlight Team FOUR WHEELER EVO Built eBay 1 November 08th, 2012 One of the biggest highlights of the 2012 SEMA Show was to see the unveiling of eBay 1, the BUILT from eBay Team FOUR WHEELER Magazine, EVO built 1971 Jeepster! 2012 SEMA Show Spotlight ARB Stubby Front Bumper, INTENSITY Lights & Roller Drawer Storage Boxes November 07th, 2012 We got a chance to catch up with Seth Green over at ARB and he gave a run down on some of the new products they were releasing at the 2012 SEMA Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. 2012 SEMA Show Spotlight Nitto Tire KoH K-Spec Trail Grappler M/T November 07th, 2012 After making its debut at the 2012 King of the Hammers Ultra 4 Race in Johnson Valley, CA, and after about a year of extensive testing by Off Road Evolution, Nitto Tire has decided to release the highly desired K-Spec Trail Grappler M/T in a DOT approved rubber compound. 2012 SEMA Show Spotlight WARN Zeon Winches November 06th, 2012 For the 2012 SEMA Show, WARN released a brand new line of premium winches called the ZEON. Redesigned from the ground up, this new line of winches are come with a host of new features to go with their futuristic new look. EnerSys ® Launches ODYSSEY ® Performance Seriesâ„ ¢ Batteries November 06th, 2012 Designed with the same rugged construction as ODYSSEY ® Extreme Seriesâ„ ¢ batteries, the new ODYSSEY ® Performance Seriesâ„ ¢ batteries offer equivalent deep cycling capabilities, long service life and high reliability. PSC 2012-Up Jeep JK Wrangler 3.6L High Volume Steering Pump November 06th, 2012 This is one press release from PSC that I’ve been waiting on for quite some time now. If you have a 2012 or newer and running 37’s or bigger tires, you can now run one of their ram assist and run a pump to power it too. PRESS RELEASE: ARB Jeep JK Wrangler Stubby Bar October 23rd, 2012 The Jeep Wrangler JK stubby bar has been developed for the off-roader who is after a winch platform all while maintaining maximum clearance for larger diameter tires. Generally vehicles that run larger than 35 inch tires may rub the tire on the wings of a traditional style ARB Deluxe bar. The JK Stubby Bar eliminates this issue on the Jeep JK since the bar is only as wide as the vehicle’s grille panel. EVO MFG LCG Bolt-On Coilover Kits NOW AVAILABLE!! June 14th, 2012 With a foundation in the first and most proven coilover systems for the Jeep JK, EVO MFG brings you its new LCG Bolt-On Coilover System. The EVO LCG Bolt-On Coilover kit comes complete with all necessary parts to easily convert the JK from the limited coil and shock system to a far superior performing coilover system. With 12† of usable wheel travel, custom built brackets for the lowest center of gravity and EVO’s legendary SPEC valving and spring rates, the EVO LCG Bolt-On Coilover system proves to set the bar, for ease of install, price and performance. Truck-Lite Old Style vs. New LED Headlight Side-by-Side Test & Review April 13th, 2012 I know a lot of you have been waiting for this and, I’m happy to say that last night, we finally got a chance to do a side by side comparison test of the all NEW Truck-lite Complex Reflector Optics Design LED Headlights versus the original LED Headlights that they’ve had out for a while now. And, after doing the test, this is what I can tell you. J.E. Reel Offers Must-Have Driveshaft Solutions for Lifted 2012 Jeep Wranglers February 23rd, 2012 Pomona, CA – The new 3.6L Pentastar engine in the 2012 Jeep Wrangler JK is one of the most welcome changes to the popular JK since their introduction in 2007. However, the position of the new engine in the chassis creates some unique challenges when driveline angles are changed even slightly from stock, as with a lift kit. Only J.E. Reel offers durable must-have driveshaft solutions for lifted 2012 JKs. TeraFlex JK Tera44 Front Replacement Axle Housing October 28th, 2011 TeraFlex Inc., manufacturer of TeraFlex suspensions, body protection equipment, low range gearing and HD axles, introduces the newest heavy duty component for the JK Wrangler. NEW! Full-Traction Suspension Jeep JK Wrangler 3.0†³ Ultra Plus 0% Maintenance SRS System August 31st, 2011 Full-Traction Suspension introduces the newest in a series of superior engineered suspension systems for the new 2007-2012 Jeep JK Wrangler 2-Door/4-Door. The New SRS – Ultra Plus Silent Ride System. Protection Redefined – Rough Country JK Front Bumper w/Recessed Winch Plate July 06th, 2011 Rough Country Suspension  ® Products is proud to announce The JK Front Bumper with recessed winch plate and integrated fog light mounts. Bestop New HighRock4Ãâ€"4â„ ¢ Narrow Front Bumper June 28th, 2011 Extreme, off-roading customers asked for a quality made bumper with more tire clearance and Bestop answered with new HighRock4Ãâ€"4 Narrow Front Bumper. This custom-built bumper features tapered ends to master extreme tire clearance and tackles any obstacle that a rock can through at it. Made from the same quality craftsmanship Bestop is known for, the new Narrow bumper features 3/16† laser cut stamped steel MIG-welded construction with E-coat plus wrinkle finish and powder-coat for superior protection and outstanding durability. Full-Traction Suspension CRC Link April 18th, 2011 Full-Traction Suspension announces the release of its newest suspension innovation for the JEEP JK Wrangler – The new CRC Linkâ„ ¢- (Constant Roll Center). It’s Full-Tractions off road adaptation for the JEEP JK of the thoroughly proven Watts Link Design. (Google it, it’s everywhere) NEW Mile Marker Recovery Gear March 06th, 2011 New for 2011, Mile Marker launches a new line of RECOVERY GEAR to prepare you for the inevitable when you venture off the beaten path. These integral kits feature premium components, and are housed in durable bags that were engineered to meet the demands of the extreme conditions that they will face. When it’s your vehicle and your safety in jeopardy, choose the gear that was designed to get you back on course the first time, yet durable enough to do the job for a lifetime. NEW – Full-Traction Suspension Jeep JK Wrangler Heavy Duty Track Bar Bracket & Cross Brace March 05th, 2011 NEW from Full-Traction Suspension is our Jeep Wrangler 2007 – 2011 JK Heavy Duty Track Bar Bracket & Cross Brace Solution. This Heavy Duty Bolt-On Track Bar bracket and cross brace kit adds a massive 3/16th CNC Laser Cut plate steel around the thin factory frame side track bar bracket. The cross brace adds a .120 wall DOM support for additional strength. NEW – Full-Traction Suspension Jeep JK Wrangler Radius Arm Rescue & Geometry Correction Kit March 03rd, 2011 Full-Traction Suspension is happy to announce the introduction of their all NEW 2007–2011 Jeep JK Wrangler Radius Arm Rescue & Geometry Correction Kit. This kit is designed to take an existing front radius arm suspension system and converts it to being a high quality 4-link system. NEW: Full-Traction Suspension 3†³ Economy Plus Jeep JK Wrangler Suspension System January 24th, 2011 Our Economy 3†³ Lift is the simple and inexpensive way to clear larger tires up to 35Ãâ€"12.50, increase ground clearance, and improve suspension articulation without major drivetrain modification. PUREJEEP All NEW Jeep JK Wrangler Skidplates January 09th, 2011 JK 2/4-DOOR ENGINE SKIDPLATE The ultimate in JK engine protection is here! Our all new JK engine skid plate protects the engine and transmission from rocks and trail damage. Laser cut from 3/16†³ plate steel and precision formed to mount in minutes with the included oil pan support brace. The skid and mount are finished in semi-gloss black powdercoat and ships complete with instructions and all necessary hardware. Will work in conjunction with our Transfer Case and Gas Tank skidplates for the ultimate in protection. Rock Krawler DIY Reverse Triangulated 4 Link Assembly for Wrangler JK 2 Door Models January 04th, 2011 Rock Krawler Suspension is proud to release the DIY Reverse Triangulated 4 Link Assembly for Wrangler JK 2 Door Models. NEW – TeraFlex JK Wrangler LCG PreRunner Suspension December 29th, 2010 The TeraFlex JK LCG PreRunner Suspension system combines all top-of-the-line components into a purpose-built speed system. The PreRunner system is designed to minimize unnecessary rotational mass, and maximize complete wheel travel. EVO JK Draglink Flip Kit December 05th, 2010 For those of you running a 4†³ lift or greater and are looking to improve the handling of your Jeep JK Wrangler, EVO Manufacturing has just released an outstading steering correction kit that you’ll definitely want to get. Below is the press release that I just got from them: PUREJEEP JK Evaporative Canister Relocation Skid & Electronic Sway Bar Disconnect Skid November 23rd, 2010 The PUREJEEP Evaporative Canister Relocation Skid is designed to move the plastic fuel evap system canister over the rear axle and out of harms way†¦ The newest addition to the PJ skidplate line! This precision formed, 3/16†³ skidplate, protects the complete electronic engaging factory swaybar unit on the Jeep JK. Full-Traction JK Long Arm Suspension Systems Available in 3.0†³, 4.0†³ & 6.0†³ October 12th, 2010 Our competition hates this system, but your Jeep JK Wrangler will love it. Our new 3†³- 4†³- 6†³ long arm systems are sold as a complete replacement suspension. Able to handle tires up to 37†³ tall, it utilizes a 4-link front axle mounting configuration for a true and correct caster curve, and improved anti-dive geometry throughout the entire range of linear wheel travel – just like the factory does it. Other systems using radius arms, medium length arms called â€Å"long arms† and the rest, can’t match its performance. NEW – Full-Traction Jeep JK Wrangler Replacement Cross Member September 24th, 2010 Full-Traction Suspension introduces a new Heavy Duty replacement Transmission Mount Cross Member for the 2007-2010 Jeep JK Wrangler/Rubicon. This new bolt-in unit is designed for serious rock crawling abuse. Falken Wild Peak AT – They Get You Going! By Discount Tire September 17th, 2010 Many of you have been asking about Falken’s new AT. How good are they? How strong are their sidewalls? How do they rate in sand, dirt, gravel, rocks, mud, and on the highway? After abusing this tire for over 1000 off-road miles at the Jk-Experience last week, here’s what I can show and tell from my first hand experience. Full-Traction Suspension 3.0†³ Premium Plus SRSâ„ ¢ Jeep JK Wrangler Zero Maintenance Lift System August 31st, 2010 After 1 year of testing in all kinds of on and off road conditions, Full-Traction Suspension introduces the newest in a series of superior engineered suspension systems for the 2007-2010 Jeep JK Wrangler. The Zero Maintenance – Silent Ride System (SRS). NEW – Bestop PowerBoard for the JK Unlimited August 26th, 2010 Bestop announces the release of the brand new PowerBoard for the 2007-2010 JK Unlimited (Part Number – 75122-15). This electrically powered running board extends down automatically when a door opens and retracts up when the door closes. This works for both front and rear doors. Get a boost without all the bother of a low hanging step! NEW Rough Country 1-1/4†³ Jeep JK Body Lift with Shifter Adapter for Manual Transmissions August 13th, 2010 Rough Country Suspension Systems announces release of the new 1  ¼Ã¢â‚¬  Jeep JK Body Lift Kit for manual transmission models. This Body Lift provides a full 1.25†³ of additional tire clearance, as opposed to the standard 1†³ provided by most other manufacturers. The 1.25†³ fiberglass reinforced nylon spacers nest with the factory body mounts keeping the body properly aligned with the frame. This design not only provides lift but also retains the noise and vibration canceling characteristics of the factory mounts while offering a tough enough build to withstand the elements and hazards on the trail. NEW Rough Country 3.5†³ Jeep JK Series II Lift Kit with NEW N2.0 Shock Absorbers August 04th, 2010 Rough Country Suspension Systems announces the addition of a highly versatile suspension lift kit for Jeep JK. The 3.5† Series II Lift Kit is focused around drastically improving off-road performance without compromising highway ride quality. Engineered by Rough Country’s Research and Development department, the 3.5† JK lift kit has been designed to mirror or exceed the quality of OEM equipment where possible while providing extra clearance and reinforced suspension components for off-road applications. Rugged Ridge High Clearance All Terrain Jeep JK Wrangler Flat Fender Flares July 05th, 2010 Did you like the look of the Lower Forty Jeep Concept, where Jeep reduced body roll by raising the fender for greater tire clearance? The new All Terrain Flat Fender Flares from Rugged Ridge allow to run larger tires without lifting the vehicle or cutting the body, so you can add a bigger tire option for that true off-road look. NEW Rock Krawler Pro Suspension Systems June 25th, 2010 Rock Krawler Suspension is proud to release our JK PRO Suspension System Line of Products. Unlike our standard system components that are made of solid alloy steel, the PRO components are made from ultra light weight, ultra strong 7075 Aluminum. These systems are designed for the guy who demands the very best! Who wants a nice, nimble JK, but still wants his/her jk to perform off-road like a hero! TeraFlex Jeep JK Wrangler 3rd Seat Bracket Kit June 09th, 2010 The TeraFlex 3rd Seat Bracket Kit is an innovative seat bracket kit that allows JK Unlimited owners the ability to add a 3rd row seat for additional seating. This innovative seat bracket kit allows the use of a JK 2 door rear bench seat, and retains the ability to keep the fold-and-tumble functionality. The seat can also be mounted in standard front-facing or rear-facing. ARB Jeep JK Wrangler Rubicon 35 Spline Air Locker Now Available!! June 03rd, 2010 To meet the demand of off-roaders looking to strengthen their current axles without going to the expense and weight penalties of a larger axle assembly, ARB has just released the latest model in their Performance Air Locker Series. Designed for the new 2007 and newer Jeep Wrangler JK Rubicon Dana 44 housings, this new performance ARB Air Locker allows users to gain the axle strength they need from larger aftermarket 35 spline shafts and still retain their smaller, lighter Dana 44 assemblies. Full-Traction Suspension 3.0†³ Premium Plus â€Å"No Maintenance† Lift System for Jeep JK Wrangler May 10th, 2010 Full-Traction Suspension introduces the newest in a series of superior engineered suspension systems for the new 2007-2010 Jeep JK Wrangler. Combining all the necessary components together in a 100% bolt-on package, this system will allow use of 35†³* tires with ease, give superior flexibility, improved ride quality, and most innovative, NO LUBRICATION MAINTENANCE! IPF Jeep Wrangler JK H4 Headlight Conversion May 07th, 2010 At ARB’s request, IPF Performance Lighting developed the a replacement headlamp kit to improve the lighting performance and beam pattern over the original equipment head lights for the Jeep Wrangler JK (2007-2010). Full-Traction Jeep JK Wrangler Heavy Duty Rear Sway Bar May 04th, 2010 Full-Traction now offers a replacement 19mm rear sway bar for use on Jeep JK models that are equipped with a lift kit or used while heavily loaded. The new bar is a bolt-in replacement for the stock bar. Tuffy Security JK Conceal Carry Security Drawer April 22nd, 2010 This high security 16 gauge steel security drawer mounts under the drivers side seat in a Jeep JK. The formfitting design of the Tuffy lockbox has over 324 cubic inches of lockable storage. It’s secured contents are easily accessed by maneuvering the drawer open and closed on the smooth ball bearing slides using the convenient pull lever. Off Road Evolution Jeep JK Wrangler Enforcer 3.5†³ Suspension System April 12th, 2010 When off-roading is more than just a hobby but rather, your job and the smoothest ride possible is a must, the all new Off Road Evolution EVO Enforcer Suspension System is exactly what you’ll want for your Jeep JK Wrangler. Rough Country JK Bumper Caps April 05th, 2010 Do you want the aggressive look and functionality of a stubby bumper without the extreme cost of a full aftermarket replacement? If so, Rough Country has a new innovative solution that allows you to shorten your existing OEM bumper at a fraction of the cost. This DIY kit includes two UV resistant bumper caps, hardware and easy to follow instructions. NEW! From Bestop – Jeep JK Wrangler Locking Under Seat Storage Box March 18th, 2010 The NEW Locking Under Seat Storage Box for the JK. The Storage Box securely locks up valuables , and mounts out of sight conveniently beneath the driver’s seat. This is a MUST HAVE product for any JK owner NEW – HANSON Euro Spec Bumper March 14th, 2010 The new HANSON Euro Spec Bumper offers sleek, full-width protection for the front of your 2007-2010 JK. It incorporates the HANSON classic drop-center style winch seat and incorporates a wing design that matches the factory flare and provides maximum aero-slick tendencies. Mountain Off Road Enterprises Jeep JK Wrangler Freedom Top Storage Rack January 20th, 2010 Mountain Off Road is now manufacturing our JK Hard Top Freedom Top Storage Rack for the 2007 and newer Jeep JK Wrangler 4door. Keep your Freedom tops looking new and scratch free even while off roading with this foam lined storage box that secures your tops behind the rear seat. Store the tops upright and have the floor of your jeep to keep other items or lay the Freedom Top Rack down and strap your cooler or what ever else down using the series of holes to bungee your items secure. Fits 4 door JK’s only and is powder coated black for a durable finish. New Bestop JK HighRock 4Ãâ€"4 Replacement Mirrors January 05th, 2010 Bestop, adds JK Replacement Mirrors to its line up of HighRock 4Ãâ€"4 Replacement Mirrors. Made of shatter-proof and UV-resistant heavy duty plastic or cast aluminum (for Part number 51262-00 or 01) and sold in pairs, the mirrors replace worn or missing mirrors with OEM styling and features. The JK part numbers now join CJ, YJ and TJ models for further customization of your Jeep at a better price. ARB Jeep JK Wrangler Snorkel December 23rd, 2009 ARB USA now offers a Safari Snorkel System for the popular Jeep Wrangler JK. This new accessory serves two primary functions that JK owners will appreciate when taking their vehicle off-road. First, and most obvious, the Safari Snorkel relocates the factory air intake position approximately 28†³ higher to prevent water ingestion when negotiating stream crossings. Even in relatively shallow water, the nose of the vehicle can easily become submerged as the front wheels drop into a stream or water hole and the rear wheels still on high ground. PUREJEEP Bare Bonez Crawler Combo November 16th, 2009 Let’s face it, when it comes to hard core front bumpers, there really isn’t a whole lot that you really need other than tow points and a winch plate. For good measure, something that’ll protect your winch and allow you to mount a couple of auxillary lights would be nice as well but aside from that, anything more is pretty much unnecessary. Olympic 4Ãâ€"4 Products JK Jacklite Brackets November 16th, 2009 Here’s a question that I hear all the time , â€Å"where can I install my Auxiliary Lights and Hi Lift Jack?† Well, Olympic 4Ãâ€"4 Products has the answer for you with their all new Jacklite Brackets. Olympic 4Ãâ€"4 Products Jeep JK Wrangler D-Ring Mounts October 10th, 2009 Fits: 2007 and newer Jeep Wrangler JK’s. A necessity for every four wheeler who wishes to take their Jeep off road as inevitable you will need the assistance of a Snatch’em strap, Hi Lift Jack or a Winch. Die-Tech Off-Road Seat Mounted Fire Extinguisher September 29th, 2009 Fire extinguishers are valuable off-road and most off-road parks and recreation areas require that you have one. However, it’s a good idea to have one even when not required, because a fire can start for many different reasons. Off Road Evolution EVO 1/4 Pounder Jeep JK Wrangler Heavy Duty Front Bumper September 17th, 2009 High clearance, military inspired and made to be ultra high strength, the all new Off Road Evolution 1/4 Pounder Heavy Duty Front Bumper is everything your Jeep JK Wrangler needs and nothing more. TeraFlex JK Wrangler SpeedBumps Bumpstops September 09th, 2009 TeraFlex SpeedBumps are an innovative composite bumpstop system designed for high-speed, high-performance JK Wrangler applications. Olympic 4Ãâ€"4 Products 802 Light Mounting Brackets September 01st, 2009 Installing a pair of off road driving lights is one of the best ways to improve your ability to see more of what’s in front of you while wheeling at night. Unfortunately, where to install these lights can be somewhat of a challenge and that’s why Olympic 4Ãâ€"4 Products has just released their all new 802 Light Mounting Brackets. Off Road Evolution Jeep JK Wrangler SBS Shifter/Plug – NOW AVAILABLE!! July 22nd, 2009 Off Road Evolution is proud to announce a new addition to our growing product line†¦ The SBS (Should of Bought a Sixty) Shifter/Plug! Mountain Off Road Enterprises Jeep JK Wrangler Front & Rear Steel Tube Fenders July 22nd, 2009 Mountain Off Road is now manufacturing and stocking fenders for the 2007 and newer Jeep JK Wrangler. Off Road Evolution JK Custom Valved King Shocks June 03rd, 2009 Off Road Evolution is proud to announce that they are now offering proprietary custom valved coilover shocks made specifically for the Jeep JK Wrangler and manufactured by King. These new shocks are available in 8†³, 10†³, 12†³, and 14†³ travel lengths with 2.0†³ and 2.5†³ diameter King Remote Reservoir Coilovers. Retail price for these coilover shocks will be $585 each. Mile Marker V-10 and V-12 Premium Winches Featuring MiFi Technologyâ„ ¢ May 29th, 2009 Mile Marker unleashes their best performing, most innovative winches to date: the V-10 and V-12 electric winches. Featuring ground-breaking Solid-State controls (NO SOLENOIDS!), Variable Speed Line Control, IP67 Waterproof Sealing, and blazing line speeds, this winch line will prove to be the ultimate recovery tool on the market. A durable, dual-compound black polyurethane coating and stainless steel hardware put the finishing touches on these 10,000 (V-10) and 12,000 (V-12) pound winches that are built to handle anything you can throw at them. If you are looking for the winch with uncompromised construction, awesome looks, and unmatched performance, look no further. Off Road Evolution JK LinXLok Jam Nuts May 11th, 2009 If you’ve got a lifted Jeep JK Wrangler with a set of adjustable lower control arms, you know how hard it can be to keep the jam nuts to stay on tight and in place. Thanks to its size, finding a wrench large enough to fit around them can be difficult and with things like your control arms mounts in the way, this can be almost impossible to do especially when you’re on you’re on the ground and on your back and with very little room to work with. Fortunately for us, Off Road Evolution has just released an incredible patent pending solution to this annoying problem and it is the all new EVO LINX Lock. Tuffy Security Jeep JK Security Deck Enclosure May 02nd, 2009 This security deck enclosure creates a large and lockable storage area completely protected on all sides. It works in conjunction with the vehicle rear door and lock. Die-Tech Off-Road Jeep JK Wrangler Doorless Mirror Brackets May 01st, 2009 With summer around the corner, everyone is going to want to take their top and doors off of their Jeep and with that comes the question that all Jeepers have and that’s, what do I do about my mirrors. In addition to being extremely helpful, having a good mirror bracket solutions is necessary for Jeep JK Wrangler owners who want to operate their vehicles without doors and still remain legal. Fortunately for us, Die-Tech Off-road has just release an evolutionary set of Jeep JK Wrangler doorless mirror brackets that really are a first of its kind Die-Tech Off-Road Jeep JK Wrangler Evaporator Canister Relocation Kit May 01st, 2009 As many Jeep JK Wrangler owners have found, the EVAP or evaporator canister is yet another vulnerable part under your rig that really could use some protection. Countless people have crushed or torn off this small plastic box while simply doing moderate or even sometimes light off-roading and unfortuantely, it is a critical component of your Jeep’s emissions system. Off Road Evolution EVO 44 Magnum Sealed Axle Sleeves March 11th, 2009 Off Road Evolution is proud to announce the 44 Magnum. This product is designed to increase JK axle housing strength by 30% while incorporating dual seals to prevent debris from entering the axle tubes. Combining these two tried and true technologies will not only increase the strength of your axle housing, but will also help to prevent premature falure of the costly to replace inner axle seals. NEW from Mountain Off-Road Enterprises JK Dual Battery Tray & JK Dead Pedal February 22nd, 2009 The Mountain Off-Road Enterprises (M.O.R.E.) Dual Battery Tray for ’07 and newer Jeep JK Wrangler. Do you need more power since you have added a winch, lighting and other electrical demanding accessories? Never worry about a dead battery out on the trail with our new Dual Battery tray which will accommodate 2 Optima series 34 and 34/78 or the OEM batteries side by side in the stock location. This easy ‘Bolt-In’ kit bolts directly into existing holes (No Drilling Required), comes powder coated black and retains OEM air filter box. This kit does not include wiring or batteries. JKS Jeep JK Wrangler Adjustable Rear Spring Mounts February 12th, 2009 Until recently, correcting rear spring mount alignment on vehicles equipped with a CV driveshaft has been a difficult challenge for JK owners. Fortunately, JKS Manufacturing now offers a solution to this problem that is both simple and affordable. Adjustable Spring Mounts install directly in place of the factory lower coil mounts on the rear axle housing. The folded, heavy-gauge steel brackets form extremely strong mounting pads that are easily adjusted to match the angle of the upper spring mounts. As a result, the coil springs are able to function as originally intended and interference with the rear track bar is eliminated. Performance Accessories Jeep JK Wrangler 4†³ Premium Lift System February 10th, 2009 If you’re looking for a economical way to raise your Jeep JK Wrangler so that you can run 35†³ tires, a Performance Accessories 4†³ Premium Lift System is what you’ll want. Designed for 2-door and 4-door JK’s with an automatic transmission, this easy to install body lift kit comes with everything you need to give you the clearance you need and without having to do any alterations to your factory suspension system. NEW From Crocker Off Road Performance!! February 03rd, 2009 For those of you who saw the awesome Crocker Off Road Performance Dual Gauge Pods on their Orange Crush JK at SEAM 2008 and were dying to get your hands on one, I think you’ll be happy to know that they are NOW AVAILABLE!! These hand laid carbon fiber Dual Gauge Pods are designed to be installed with ease and snap into the existing windsheild pillar using the stock clips – no drilling or tape is required. Gauge Pods fit all 2†³ gauges, are in stock now and ready to ship for only $199.00 plus shipping. TeraFlex Jeep JK Wrangler CRD60R Rear Axle November 12th, 2008 The TeraFlex CRD60R is the original & industry leading aftermarket high pinion Dana 60 axle. TeraFlex expands their axle line with a JK specific rear axle to answer the needs of a heavy duty rear axle application. The JK rear CRD60R will retain the use of the factory ABS and ESP sensors to maintain factory computer communication, and drivability. NEW Tuffy Products Now Available!! JK Expedition Partition & Security Door Locks October 15th, 2008 Tuffy Security has a long history of developing products that do an excellent job of organizing the gear you carry in your Jeep and do it in a way that provides serious protection of them as well. JKS Manufacturing Releases Variable Length Control Arms for 2007+ Jeep Wrangler October 06th, 2008 Inspired by the challenge, JKS Manufacturing has just released a complete set of variable-length upper and lower control arms for Wrangler JK models. Considered the performance benchmark by Jeep owners around the world, JKS Adjustable Control Arms are well known for utilizing the finest materials and most reliable designs. While other control arms begin to wear out within months of being installed, JKS arms often outlast the vehicle. Off Road Evolution Aluminum Hawse Fairleads September 13th, 2008 For those of you looking for a new hawse fairlead for your synthetic winch line and would like to have one that’ll add a little style to your Jeep, you’ll be glad to know that Off Road Evolution now has what you want. Made out of billet 6061 aluminum, the new Off Road Evolution Hawse Fairleads are CAD drawn, CNC machined, hand polished to a mirror like finish, come with stainless steel hardware, are made here in the U.S.A. and are available for only $109.95. Tuffy Jeep JK Wrangler Multi Point Tie Down Rails & Tuffy Modular Gear Anchors September 04th, 2008 The all new Tuffy Jeep JK Wrangler Multi Point Tie Down Rails and Modular Gear Anchors are made out of 11 gauge (1/8†) thick steel and are designed to mount on top of most Tuffy drawers or any solid mounting surface. JKS Manufacturing Eliminates Track Bar Failures on 2007+ Jeep JK Wranglers August 19th, 2008 JKS Manufacturing has just released a highly effective and economical solution to a problem that has plagued many owners of the current Jeep Wrangler. The problem involves the factory track bar mount on the rear axle housing. Vehicle owners and industry specialists have reported an alarming number of rear track bar failures due to insufficient bracing of the factory mount. Most failures occur after the vehicle has been lifted, especially when aftermarket extension brackets are involved. However, some have even experienced failure on stock applications. TeraFlex Jeep JK Wrangler Rubicon 241OR 2WD Low Range Conversion Kit August 12th, 2008 Having completed almost a year of extensive testing and without any glitches or failures to speak of, TeraFlex is finally releasing it’s long awaited Jeep JK Wrangler Rubicon 241OR – 2WD Low Range Conversion Kit. With this kit, you will now have the option to take advantage of your Jeep’s 4:1 transfer case low range and allow you to maintain the use of your rear locker but without needing to have your front end engaged as well. Of course, by doing this you will effectively free up any 4WD related steering bind and this will help make negotiating tight sections of trail a lot easier. Off Road Evolution’s Jeep JK Wrangler EVO Trail Table August 04th, 2008 Of all the non-performance enhancing off road accessories I have seen come out for the Jeep JK Wrangler, I’d have to say that the all new Off Road Evolution EVO 1017: EVO Trail Table is by far one of the most useful and coolest. Certainly, I think it’s definitely something that everyone could use. Mastercraft Seats Project-JK.com Member Special!! July 23rd, 2008 For a limited time only, Mastercraft Seats will be offering a FREE Canvas Tool Bag (a $29.95 value) when you purchase a set of Mastercraft Baja RS Seats. This offer is valid from July 24th – August 15th and is only available at Off Road Evolution and Northridge4x4. To take advantage of this member special, simply call either one of these vendors, place your order and tell them you want the â€Å"Project-JK.com Offer!† Off Road Evolution Jeep JK Wrangler EVO 1015 Sector Shaft Brace July 15th, 2008 Don’t think this can happen to you? Think again! With the installation of a lift kit, big oversized tires and a dropped pitman arm, more side loading will be placed on the sector shaft of your steering box (which in factory configuration is a single shear mount) and more and more people that I know are starting to damage or break theirs. As a matter of fact, I have broken my sector shaft as well and when yours breaks – you’re walking!! What’s Pulling You Down? Keep Your Jeep JK’s Ride Height With a 1-inch Body Lift June 22nd, 2008 Performance Accessories’ 1-inch body lift helps maintain your JK’s proper ground clearance while allowing you to enjoy the factory ride on the trail. On the highway, the body lift doesn’t affect the vehicle’s suspension geometry and maintains a smooth ride. NEW – OX JK Dana 30 Locker Now Available!! June 05th, 2008 Tuffy Security Products – Jeep JK Wrangler Full Security Center Console June 05th, 2008 This 16 gauge steel full console provides over twice as much secure storage than the factory console. A special bracket is included for mounting a stereo, CB or other electronic equipment inside the lockable console with a hole for the CB Mic. Off Road Evolution EVO Coil Over Jeep JK Wrangler Long Travel Front Coil Over System May 27th, 2008 Now available for the 2007-Up Jeep JK Wrangler, the all new Off Road Evolution EVO Coil Over is the premium long travel front coil over system that serious Jeepers have been waiting for. TeraFlex Jeep JK Wrangler Heavy Duty Adjustable Forged Front Track Bar April 16th, 2008 For those of you looking to upgrade your Jeep JK Wrangler’s stock front track bar with an adjustable one, TeraFlex has just released one that I think you’ll want to give a look. Without a doubt, this new massive heavy duty forged adjustable track bar is designed to be the ultimate in front end strength, will eliminate any front end shimmy or handling issues and is designed to cycle through the full movement of suspension travel without interfering with other components (Please note that it is recommended that this track bar be used on a JK with 4† of lift, as it may cause some interference on a stock to a 3†³ lifted JK) . ARB 2007+ Jeep Wrangler JK Rear Dana 44 35 Spline Air Locker April 07th, 2008 To meet the demad of off-roaders looking to strengthen their current axles without going to the expense and weight penalties of a larger axle assembly, ARB has just released the latest model in their Performance Air Locker Series. Designed for the new 2007 Jeep Wrangler JK rear Dana 44, this new performance ARB Air Locker allows users to gain the axle strenght they need from larger aftermarket 35 spline shafts and still retain their smaller, ligher Dana 44 assemblies. Superior Axle and Gear LLC. Appoints Mac McMillan Director Sales and Marketing March 26th, 2008 Los Angeles, CA – Drivetrain component manufacturer Superior Axle and Gear LLC. announced today that Mac McMillan was appointed Director of Sales and Marketing. Off Road Evolution Jeep JK Wrangler EVO LEVER Long Travel Bolt-On Coilover System March 12th, 2008 If you’ve already got a built up Jeep JK Wrangler and are looking for a way to kick it up a notch, Off Road Evolution has just finished the development of the all new EVO-LEVER Long Travel Bolt-On Coilover System and it will do just that and more. Expedition One Trail Series Jeep JK Wrangler Rear Bumper and Smooth Motion STC System March 10th, 2008 Making it’s official debut at Off-Road Expo 2007, the new Expedition One Trail Series Jeep JK Wrangler Rear Bumper and Smooth Motion STC System is without a doubt one of the most unique and well designed bumper and spare tire carrier setups on the market today. TeraFlex Jeep JK Wrangler 4† Long Arm Suspension March 07th, 2008 Expedition One Jeep JK Wrangler BASIC and BASIC DX Modular Bumper March 04th, 2008 In an effort to make their well received and very popular Jeep JK Wrangler BASIC and BASIC DX bumper line even better, Expedition One has just announced that they will now offer modular Side Wings that are easy to install and will allow you to retain your factory fog lights! LoD Signature Series Jeep JK Wrangler Bumpers February 11th, 2008 As I had mentioned in a press release I published earlier in the year, LoD has been working hard to develop an affordable solution for all the people out there looking for a stylish new aftermarket front and rear bumper for their Jeep JK Wrangler. And, the solution they came up with is what we now know as the LoD Signature Series JK Bumper line. Full Traction Suspension NEW Jeep JK Wrangler 4†³ & 6†³ Lift Systems January 30th, 2008 I just got word that Full Traction Suspension will finally be releasing their long awaited Jeep JK Wrangler 4†³ Premium Lift System and 4†³ Ultimate Lift System as well as the seriously badass long arm suspension system we all saw on the Off Road Evolution JK at SEMA 2007. Below are the official press releases for all three products: Hypertech Jeep JK Wrangler MAX Energy Power Programmer January 30th, 2008 If there’s one thing I’ve been hearing a lot of Jeep JK Wrangler owners wanting, it would have to be a programmer that would allow them to optimize the performance of their 3.8L V6 engine and if at all possible, a way to calibrate their speedometer/odometer to match a set of bigger tires that they’ve just installed as well. And, thanks to Hypertech, we now have that and more with the release of their MAX Energy Power Programmer specifically made for the Jeep JK Wrangler. LoD Jeep JK Wrangler Front Bumper Winch Hoop January 24th, 2008 For those of you who have been waiting patiently for LoD to release their new Jeep JK Wrangler Front Bumper Winch Hoop, I am happy to report that it’s finally here and available for purchase. Available for only $59 + $19 for shipping and handling, this bumper winch hoop is very easy to install and only requires minor drilling in order to bolt it onto your bumper. Due to high demand, please expect a 1-2 weeks to have this hoop delivered to your door. SOLID Jeep JK Wrangler Front SpynTec Conversion Kit January 11th, 2008 Just as was promised back in November at the 2007 SEMA Show, SOLID Axle Industries has just released their all new SpynTec Conversion Kit and it is now available for sale. The official press release for this awesome new front hub conversion can be seen below and after having the opportunity to check it out for myself, I can tell you that this is going to be a must have upgrade for JK owner I know LoD Jeep JK Wrangler Shorty Front Bumper January 09th, 2008 I’ve just gotten word from LoD that they’ve just completed the preliminary design of their new Jeep JK Wrangler Shorty Front Bumper and a spy shot of it can be seen by clicking on the image to the left. This bumper was developed in an effort to provide an answer to the all the people looking for an affordable true shorty front bumper that can accomodate Jeep JK Wrangler factory fog lights, a WARN Power Plant winch and comes with an optional hoop. SeatGlovers Holiday Special November 26th, 2007 From now until January 15th, Project-JK.com members can now save 20% off the retail price of SeatGlover Seat Covers and receive a FREE bottle of 303 UV Protectant!! Shrockworks Jeep JK Wrangler Rear Bumper Tire Carrier & Rack November 19th, 2007 For those of you who already have an awesome ShrockWorks Stubby or Mid-Width front bumper and have been patiently waiting for them to come out with a matching rear bumper tire carrier for your Jeep JK Wrangler, have I got a press release for you†¦ Durango 4Ãâ€"4 Jeep JK Wrangler Grizzly Bumpers November 16th, 2007 Durango 4Ãâ€"4 is by far one the leading manufacturers of Jeep bumpers and accessories the Southwest Colorado area and are known for their legendary high standards and quality built products. And, with the introduction of the all new Jeep JK Wrangler, Durango 4Ãâ€"4 has stepped up to the plate once again to deliver the goods with the introduction of their new Grizzly Rear Bumper System and their new Grizzly Stubby Front Bumper. AlloyUSA Releases NEW Heavy Duty Steel Differential Cover November 10th, 2007 Alloy USA’s newest accessory now includes their line of Heavy-Duty Stamped Steel Differential Covers. Crafted from 1018 steel, these differential covers are designed to handle the punishment that drivers are dishing out on their vehicles. Superior Axle & Gear 2007-08 Jeep JK Wrangler Chrome-Moly Front and Rear Axles October 18th, 2007 For all you guys out there with built up Jeep JK Wranglers sitting on a set of big ass tires, have I got news for you. As you can see in the press release below, Superior Axle & Gear has just announced that they now have front and rear chrome-moly axle shafts available for both Rubicon and non-Rubicon model JK’s and they are ready to ship!! Full-Traction Jeep JK Wrangler 4†³-6†³ Long Arm Suspension Systems October 06th, 2007 Full-Traction 4†³- 6†³ JK Long Arm Suspension Systems Our competition is not ready for this system, but your Jeep JK Wrangler is. Our new 4†³- 6† long arm systems are a complete replacement suspension. Able to handle tires up to 37†³ tall, it utilizes a 4-link front axle mounting configuration for a true and correct caster curve, and improved anti-dive geometry throughout the entire range of linear wheel travel – just like the factory does it. Other systems using radius arms, medium length arms called â€Å"long arms† and the rest, can’t match it’s performance. PUREJEEP Jeep JK Wrangler Cold Air Intake September 21st, 2007 Superior Axle Jeep JK Wrangler 4.56 Gears Are Here!! September 17th, 2007 For those of you looking to keep your Jeep JK Wrangler relatively stock and have no plans of installing tires larger than 33†³ but would still like to regain some of the power you’ll loose from them, Superior Axle & Gear has got the answer for you. Last week, I got to watch the very first set of Superior Axle 4.56 gears getting installed into Brett Woods’ (aka – Woods) 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Rubicon Unlimited and after giving them a thorough break in, here’s what he had to say about them†¦ PUREJEEP Jeep JK Wrangler 4-Door Formed Crawler Rocker Guards September 08th, 2007 Expedition One Jeep JK Wrangler Trail Series Front Bumper August 31st, 2007 Of all the bumper manufacturers out there, Expedition One was definitely one of the first to put out some exciting computer generated designs for the all new Jeep JK Wrangler and since that time, I know there have been many of you who have been waiting patiently for this very bumper to be released. Well, I can tell you with all certainty that your wait is finally over and I think you’re going to be extremely happy with the final product. PUREJEEP Jeep JK Wrangler 2-Door Formed Crawler Rocker Guards August 22nd, 2007 Expedition One Basics August 09th, 2007 I know it’s been a long time coming for all you Expedition One fans out there but after reading through this press release, I think you’ll agree that the wait was totally worth it. Over the next few weeks, Expedition One will be releasing a series of new bumpers and accessories for the new Jeep JK Wrangler, the first of which includes a line of products that focuses on what Jeepers really need and nothing more†¦. the Basics. PUREJEEP Jeep JK Wrangler Steel Tube Fender Teaser July 24th, 2007 If there’s been one mod for my Jeep JK Wrangler that I’ve just been dying to get my hands on, it would have to be a really nice set of steel tube fenders. Unfortunately, that day isn’t here just yet but after a long conversation that I had with PUREJEEP today, I can tell you that a production set has been completed and is currently installed on the Off Road Evolution JK. Expedition One Jeep JK Wrangler Spare Tire Lift Bracket June 12th, 2007 Looking for a way to carry an over-sized spare tire on your Jeep JK Wrangler but without having to break the bank by purchasing an expensive new rear bumper tire carrier system? Well then, the Expedition One Spare Tire Lift Bracket is the perfect solution for you. Seat Glovers Jeep JK Wrangler Seat Covers June 01st, 2007 There really is no better way to protect your seats from the elements when riding topless or from wear, tear, dirt and damage from general use, than to cover them with a high quality seat cover. And, with the new release of Seat Glovers’ awesome new seat covers for the Jeep JK Wrangler and Unlimited, you can do just that! ShrockWorks Jeep JK Wrangler Mid-Width Front Bumper May 30th, 2007 I know there are a ton of you who have been waiting for this news for some time now and so I’m happy to announce that the long awaited ShrockWorks Jeep JK Wrangler Mid-Width Front Bumper is finally here!! And, although the photos you see here are just the very first bare steel prototype pics, I’m told that the design as you see it is ready to go into production now. Tuffy Security Products Jeep JK Wrangler Overhead Console & Cubby Storage Security Cover April 18th, 2007 From the company that has made protecting the valuable contents inside your Jeep a virtual work of art, here’s an official press release for two of Tuffy’s newest security products that I think just about every Jeeper will want for their new Jeep JK Wrangler. Clayton Off Road Jeep JK Wrangler 4.5†³ Standard Arm Suspension Lift March 16th, 2007 It’s Official – Donahoe Racing Enters the Jeep Market! March 07th, 2007 Rock Hard 4Ãâ€"4 Parts Jeep JK Wrangler Rear Bumper Tire Carrier February 28th, 2007 Building off of years of experience making some of the best bumpers, rocker guards and sport cages the aftermarket industry has to offer, Rock Hard 4Ãâ€"4 Parts has just completed the design of their production model Rear Bumper Tire Carrier for the all new Jeep JK Wrangler and let me just say, this thing really is rock hard tough! Shrockworks Jeep JK Wrangler Front Bumper Details & Pricing Update February 16th, 2007 Based on all the views and replys there have been over on JK-Forum.com regarding the all new Shrockworks Jeep JK Wrangler Bumper & Rock Rails, I know there’s going to be a whole lot of you who are going to be real excited about the news I have for you. ShrockWorks Jeep JK Wrangler Shorty Front Bumper & Unlimited Frame Mounted Rock Sliders February 02nd, 2007 For those of you who have been around the world of Jeeps or off-roading in general, you’re more than likely to know who Shrockworks is and all the great bumpers and rocker guards they have been making for years now. Rev111 Jeep JK Wrangler MetalCloak Steel Tube Fenders January 30th, 2007 According to Rev111, they have already designed, developed and built a set of front and rear tubular steel fenders (also known as their MetalCloak Body Armor) that come complete with removable flares. PUREJEEP 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Stubby Crawler Front Bumper Now Shipping!! January 29th, 2007 As of today, PUREJEEP has announce that a very large batch of their affordable and very functional PJ1000 Stubby Crawler Front Bumper has been completed, boxed up and is now shipping. LoD Jeep JK Wrangler Bumpers Available – 01/26/07!! January 25th, 2007 Hey everybody , I just got word from LoD that their first batch of Jeep JK Wrangler Xtreme Duty Front and Rear Bumper Tire Carriers are being finished up now, are scheduled to go on sale this Friday and should be shipping out by the end of next week!! Official 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Accessories Guide January 23rd, 2007 Thanks to a little insider help, I just got my hands on a complete PDF version of the official 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Accessories Guide. Of course, inside this nifty little brochure (with text in both English and French), you will find photos and brief bits of information regarding all the new Jeep JK Wrangler accessories that you can get directly from your dealership including, the MOPAR front and rear rock bumpers, spare tire carrier, tube bumpers, skid plates, WARN winch option, flat tow bar, spare tire ski and bike rack mounts, alloy wheels and seat covers. LoD Jeep JK Wrangler Xtreme Duty Bumpers Quality Protection at a Price You Can Afford! January 12th, 2007 LoD Off-Road Equipment has just announced that they will be selling their brand new Jeep JK Wrangler Xtreme Duty Rear Bumper Tire Carrier that comes complete with high quality 3/16†³ laser cut steel plate construction, two D-Ring mounts, integrated 2†³ hitch receiver, built in tool box, Hi-Lift Jack mount and durable powder coat finish all for the incredible low price of $679!! M.O.R.E. Jeep JK Wrangler 1†³ Body Lift January 05th, 2007 M.O.R.E. Jeep JK Wrangler 1 When it comes to mods that’ll give you the biggest bang for your buck, few are more useful, affordable and easier to install than a 1†³ body lift. Now, unlike a â€Å"suspension† lift which uses taller coils or coil spacers to phyiscally raise your entire Jeep up off the ground, a body lift will only raise the tub portion of your Jeep up off its frame rails most typically by stacking a series of 1†³ tall pucks on top of your existing factory body mounts. Make no mistake, a body lift is by no means an alternative to a suspension lift but it definitely is a great compliment to one. Superior Axle & Gear Jeep JK Wrangler Ring & Pinions January 05th, 2007 Superior Axle & Gear, the leader in axle and drivetrain development, announces its newest line of ring and pinion gears for the all-new 2007 Jeep Wrangler JK. LoD Jeep JK Wrangler Bumpers Ready for Production December 20th, 2006 For those of you who have been waiting patiently to buy a new LoD front and rear bumper for your Jeep JK Wrangler, I just got word that all the modifications they’ve been working on have been completed, jigs are now being built for mass production and that they still expect to have both available for sale and shipping by mid to late January. TeraFlex Jeep JK Wrangler Dual Rate S/T Swaybar System November 20th, 2006 The TeraFlex Dual Rate S/T (Street & Trail) Sway Bar system is one of the most advanced disconnect systems available, with its easy engagement knob you can go from street to trail in seconds – literally! The Best of Bestop November 17th, 2006 Included in Bestop’s line-up were the kind things I had expected to see like your standard Bikini Top, Windjammer and Duster Cover, but much to my surprise, they also had things like their new electric AMP Research Power Steps, very cool Element Door System, front and rear Highrock 4Ãâ€"4 bumpers, a sweet 2-piece hard top, overhead console and a well needed trunk on display as well. Basically, everything a Jeeper could want and/or would need for their brand new Jeep JK Wrangler. Tuffy 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Security Console Insert & Security Drawer November 15th, 2006 One of the things we all love about owning a Jeep is the freedom that we have being able to drive it topless and doorless. Needless to say, one of the things that thieves love about Jeeps is the fact that the people who drive them often do so topless and doorless. Well, fortunately for us, Tuffy Security Products has been providing Jeep owners with lockable high quality and extremely durable steel center consoles, overhead consoles, console inserts, trunks, drawers and more for years. And, now that the new 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler has been released, Tuffy is once again stepping up to the plate and making the kind of products we need to keep our valuables safe. Off Road Evolution Jeep JK Wrangler Fox 2†³ Air Bump Stop System November 13th, 2006 If you’ve got a lifted Jeep JK Wrangler and are the kind of guy that loves to drive hard and fast over rough terrain, you’re going to want Off Road Evolution’s new Fox 2†³ Air Bump Stop System. SEMA 2006 – Jeep JK Wrangler Suspension Mentions TeraFlex November 08th, 2006 With a Jeep JK Wrangler Unlimited sitting on top of 6†³ Long Arm Suspension System and 39.5†³ tires, TeraFlex clearly had the biggest JK on display at SEMA 2006. But, in addition to this monstrous lift, TeraFlex also had four other suspension systems available for the 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler including a 2.5†³ Performance Boost, a 3†³ Suspension Kit and two variations of 4†³ Suspension Kits. SEMA 2006 – Jeep JK Wrangler Suspension Mentions Full Traction November 08th, 2006 For SEMA 2006, Full Traction had a total of five different lift kits available for the 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler including a 2†³ ECONO Lift, 3†³ Economy Suspension System, 3†³ PREMIUM Suspension System, 3†³ ULTIMATE Suspension System and a 4†³ ULTIMATE Suspension System. And, with a total of seven Jeep JK Wranglers sitting on top of one of these suspension systems, Full Traction was able to grab the title for having the most products on display at the show. SEMA 2006 – Jeep JK Wrangler Suspension Mentions Rancho November 07th, 2006 Even though Rancho only had one Jeep JK Wrangler on display at SEMA 2006, it was without question the one Jeep JK Wrangler that everyone was talking about. SEMA 2006 – Jeep JK Wrangler Suspension Mentions Donahoe Racing November 06th, 2006 Seeing Donahoe Racing at SEMA 2006 wasn’t so much of a surprise but seeing them there with a 5†³ lifted Stone White Jeep JK Wrangler Rubicon Unlimited definitely was. Make no mistake, Donahoe Racing is no rookie when it comes to developing high end off-road suspension products, but this JK was most certainly the first time that they’ve made a stab at the Jeep industry in quite some time. However, after looking at what they came up with, you’d never know it. WARN Jeep JK Wrangler Rock Sliders October 31st, 2006 Constructed from thick-wall round steel tube, 3/16† steel plate, and covered in a textured black powder-coated finish, the WARN ® Rock Sliders let buyers take their JK on the most challenging trails without fear of ruining the body. Installation is easy, and all of the necessary hardware is included, allowing buyers to spend more time driving their Wrangler and less time installing parts on it. Superior Axle & Gear 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Sahara & X Model Dana 44 Rear Axle Shafts October 27th, 2006 I just got word from Superior Axle & Gear that they’ve just completed development of their new Jeep JK Wrangler X and Sahara model Dana 44 Rear Chromoly Axle Shafts. Made from SAE4340, these new axle shafts are induction hardened, have rotoflow spline rolling and are CNC turned for a superior finish. LoD Off Road Equipment Front & Rear Bumpers for the 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler October 26th, 2006 Over the past four years, LoD has been making a name for themselves by manufacturing the highest quality Jeep front bumpers, rear bumper tire carriers and rocker guards and all for a price that every Jeeper could afford. Of course, now that Jeep has just release their newly redesigned 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler, you can be sure that LoD is already hard at work developing completely new front and rear bumpers for it. PUREJEEP Rocker Guards October 25th, 2006 Made out of 3/16†³ thick steel plate, the new PUREJEEP Crawler Rocker Guards are designed, laser cut and precision formed to fit perfectly on the curved body of the 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler and protect its rockers from the punishment you’ll be thowing its way on the trail. The PUREJEEP Crawler Rocker Guards will be available for 2-Door Jeep JK Wranglers this November, 2006 and the 4-Door Unlimited version should be following soon after. Off Road Evolution Jeep JK Wrangler Billet Aluminum Door Handles & Hinges October 23rd, 2006 Are ya looking to customize your new 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler with some stylish looking accents? If so, you’re gonna want a set of Off Road Evolution custom door handles and hinges. More New Skyjacker 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler Suspension Lift kits & Components October 20th, 2006 With just a couple of weeks left until SEMA, you would think that most manufacturers would be a little more tight-lipped about the new products they have developed and are planning to release for the 2007 Jeep JK Wrangler. But, I’m sure you’d be happy to to know that they are doing anything but that. In fact, I just got word from Skyjacker that they’ll be releasing two new suspension lifts and a set of front poly spacers for sale today.

Lesson Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson Critique - Essay Example The lesson plan identifies national health education standards which it adopts from the National academy of sciences and the Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL). The one national standard that this lesson plan addresses from the National academy of sciences is that of science in personal and social perspective by emphasizing concern on personal and community health. The others which it addresses from the Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning are: knowing how to maintain and promote personal health; knowing essential concepts about prevention and control of disease and understanding the fundamental concepts of growth and development (California & California, 2009). The lesson plan provides an elaborately detailed list of procedures to be followed by the learner and this constitutes mastery. These engage the learner in discussions as well as analysis of foods high in nutrients and creation of food diaries. The lesson plan, however, does not provide rationale for action. Despite its failure to do so, from the procedures which are developed to take the learner through the learning process through the lesson, one can see that collaboration is enhanced through group work, communication through discussion, and critical and creative thinking is addressed through devising of personalized MyPyramid plan. The materials provided by the lesson plan include My Pyramid: Simple Steps to Healthy Living, computers which have internet access and printers. Their use is integrated in the procedures which are meant to effect learning in the learner. The lesson is planned in such a way that it is learner-centered. The activities of understanding the concepts on good nutrition and those related to it are planned in a step by step procedure to help the learner understand the concept effectively. Discussions and group works form the

Negotiation & Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Negotiation & Conflict Resolution - Essay Example One recent instance of conflict and negotiation in the political world is the partial shutdown of the US government. The conflict originated from lack of consensus on political issues but wrecked not only the political but also the social and economic fabric of the US. The primary parties to this conflict were President Obama with the Democrats on one side and the Republican House of Representatives on the other side. The issue arose on October 1, 2013 during a budget discussion session in the Congress due to a disagreement over a particular healthcare reform law. The Republicans were not in favor of passing the reformed healthcare law and looked forward to a delay or repeal in the legislation. But President Obama strictly asserted that he wanted the bill to be passed clean and without any amendments or unnecessary delays. The resulting concord between the parties led the Republicans to declare a partial shutdown of the government operations in the US. This primary issue of the healt hcare reform bill further got entangled with another vital issue regarding the debt ceiling for government borrowings. Obama requested a relaxation of the debt ceiling as the deadline for the same was approaching soon, i.e. on October 17, 2013. Not extending the debt limit would lead to a fiscal impasse as the nation will be unable to repay its debts and clear its bills. This would affect not only the US economy but also the global economy and the secondary parties such as the financial agencies, stock markets, federal workers and general public. The 16-day-long impasse in the US was primarily born out of a policy deadlock over the spending bill in the government budget. President Obama had suggested the inclusion of a healthcare reform law, Affordable Care Act, which offers a range of healthcare and welfare facilities for the US citizens. But the Republican-led House of Representatives refused to pass it and showed intentions to repeal or delay it by the span of a year. They called for a House-Senate Conference Committee to resolve the matter. But the Democrats refused to this idea, saying that the House was just trying to defer the new healthcare law using the pretext of the budget process. Owing to this unresolved conflict, the House declared a partial shutdown of the government on October 1. While the Republicans insisted on a delay in the implementation of the healthcare reform, Obama remained immovable on his stance that â€Å"Obamacare† is non-negotiable and that he wanted a â€Å"clean bill† devoid of any conditions or amendments. (CNBC, 2013) This shutdown very soon raised an alarm amongst the secondary parties to the conflict. Wall Street officials expressed their concern over the present shutdown and the future prospect of a financial default. The US government was fast approaching its debt ceiling of $ 16.7 trillion which it was about to hit on October 17 (Jackson, 2013). James Clapper, Director of the US National Intelligence, shared with the media his grave fears regarding the severe impact of the shutdown on their ability â€Å"to support the military, to support diplomacy, and to support the policymakers.† (Cornwell, 2013). Owing to the shutdown, 70% of the federal intelligence personnel had been sent on unpaid leave. Lloyd Blankfein, Chairman and CEO of the Goldman Sachs Group, apprehended over the aligned and perhaps more critical issue of a financial default arising from the shutdown. Saying that America had seen a precedent

Receivables Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Receivables - Coursework Example This is because the accountants after assessing his books of accounts are at a position to make a decision based on the profits or losses made in the year and the amounts of the accounts receivables due for the year. Blair’s recommendation could be biased and uninformed based on the bonuses of the medium sized companies as all managers’ aims are to maximize on profits. Internal controls are logical measure adopted by an organization used in ensuring that their business runs effectively to protect the organization from collapsing, such measures includes reviews and procedures. Detective internal controls which are measures taken after an irregularity has occurred, in this case the managers recommendation for accounting are useful for the future decision making. Some of the useful detective controls include the performance and quality assurance of the company reviews, reconciliations of the books of accounts to aid the manager in making sound decisions, conducting audits on the company’s’ books from different years and comparing inventory records with those of the different years. This way the manager is more knowledgeable and not just profit

In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe uses symbolism, humor, and Essay

In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe uses symbolism, humor, and irony to develop his theme of how Fortunato's foolishness costed him his life - Essay Example Though originally used as a mere instrument by which the story could take off, it takes on a life of its own as it symbolizes the perceived wealth and success in life of its owner. It is a symbol that Fortunato refuses to believes exists but then with his curiosity getting the better of him, he embarks down a path which symbolized his ultimate doom. A more important perhaps to the story is the way that Fortunato is dressed as a court jester during the carnival. As everyone knows, a court jester is someone who is the life of the court. He makes people laugh by making fun of other people. This costume symbolizes the very personality of Fortunato, which is the happy-go-lucky type of person who unfortunately, tends to say or do things that he may not realize slights those around him as what happened unknowingly between him and Montresor. The story also makes good use of humor in the statement â€Å"Luchresi doesnt know Amontillado from a Sherry". It would seem that as far as the social circle that Fortunato and Montresor move in, Luchresi fancies himself a wine conneseiur although his actions betray him as a pretender. Hence the laughter and comedic intonation in the dialogue between the friends. However funny the statement is though, it is still considered by Montresor to be an additional slight upon his person since he believes Luchresi to be a man knowledgable about wines and sherrys. Finally, we come to an analysis of the names and settings used by Poe in the story. I would like to begin with the discussion regarding his choice of the name Fortunato for his doomed character. It is truly ironic that the name Fortunato actually means a man blessed with good fortune in life. Fortunato met the exact opposite during his lifetime. Fortunato has only the worst of luck as he died a horrifying and secret death at the hands of the man he considered a trustworthy friend, Montresor. Then we have the irony of the two settings used for the story, the carnival masquerade

Professional Values,Ethics and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Professional Values,Ethics and Law - Essay Example Predefined ethics, legal or professional values are to be taken into consideration by individuals belonging to nursing profession. The code of conduct for nursing is distinct in comparison to other profession. United Kingdom encompasses a separate set of conduct for chief nurse and hospital trusts. The case study would be analyzed from different perspectives so as to identify appropriate action which could be taken by the student nurse. There are wide array of ethical theories incorporated in this essay. These theories would be thoroughly discussed with a clear reference to the case study. The legal documents to be highlighted in the study are Human Rights Act (1998), Data Protection Act (1998) and Family Law Reform Act (1969). All possible relevant literature shall be incorporated in order to explore ethical, legal or professional aspects in context of chosen scenario. There is a well defined structure followed in this essay. Firstly focus will be on ethical values in Kate’s consent, followed by professional and legal values. The study would be centred towards application of ethical values in nursing scenario. These three obligations would help to reflect upon solution for the particular case study. Consent from patient should be gained before any treatment is being undertaken. Ethical values play an integral role in nursing profession. Patients look upon nurses or doctors when their health conditions are at a stake. Honesty is always regarded as the best policy, but this philosophical aspect is highly controversial. The first ethical value is of truth telling. Health professionals can develop effective relationship with patients only on the basis of revealing truth. The quality of being loyal, honest or faithful is deeply rooted in nursing profession. However it is not just about telling truth to patients but it is more about being literal or factual. There is a high degree of

Programming III ( Advanced ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Programming III ( Advanced ) - Assignment Example ation and deserialization is independent of the platform used, that is, data serialized on one machine is able to be deserialized on a completely different machine with a different platform (DAnjou, 2005). Serialization in java has been used mainly to facilitate communication between different machines, for persistence, deep copying, caching and cross java virtual machine synchronization. The use of serialization is advantageous since it allows for refactoring , it is customizable and easy to use, allows encryption, compression and authentication thus facilitating secure computing and lastly, the mechanism allows interchange of libraries between java and other programing languages such as C++ among other advantages. Despite the above stated functions and advantages of serialization in java, there are too many disadvantages associated with serialization. Serialization offers significant overhead thus it cannot be used with large objects. Also, the serialization facilitates increased memory requirements for a system. The use of data serialization also leads to breakage of identity of an objects, and invasion of the programming model. To address this disadvantages and limitations of serialization, an input/output process mechanism has been introduce. This mechanism is referred to as Externalization. Not only is Externalization used to eliminate the limitations of serializations, but also in some cases, it is exclusively required. Externalization refers to the process in which externalizable interface is implemented to facilitates persistence and restoring of the object. Basically, the externizable interface works by extending the serializable interface. Moreover, the externizable interface facilitates definition of custom rules and also, definition of customizable serialization mechanism. Thus, it can be easily said that externalization is an extension of serialization. The process of using Externalization is similar to the implementation process of

What is 'lifestyle and consumer culture' Discuss, using relevant Essay

What is 'lifestyle and consumer culture' Discuss, using relevant examples or case studies to support your agrument - Essay Example In the context of postmodernism the consumer culture is the reflection of individuality in terms of self expression and self-consciousness. It denotes the individual choices with regards to clothes, speech, eating and drinking preferences, home, car, leisure pastime, choices of holiday destination and so on. Consumer culture is the indicator of individual sense of taste and style and as a whole depicts the preference of the society. In the postmodern era the consumer culture indicates decrease in restrictions or rules and increase of choices (Featherstone 1991). The consumer culture has significantly influenced the lifestyle of every human being and the products and their promotions have also found to target almost every aspect of the lifestyle of persons of different age groups. Australia as a country has also been found to follow the western consumerist culture in terms of fashion, films, new technology and other consumer products to satisfy the daily needs and with booming economy and increased power of buying the Australian consumers have turned into binge buyers. But owing to its location and small but cosmopolitan population the socio-economic trend in the country is not exactly similar to other developed western countries (Henry 2006). The consumer culture in the Australian society tries to assimilate all the varying cultures and lifestyles derived from different ethnic groups and immigrants and try to serve them all but with a focus on urban lifestyle. Promotion of different consumer products through different media has a measurable influence on the consumer culture and lifestyle of the country. The lifestyle of the people also is quite influential for the promotion of the consumer products. There are different aspects of consumerism affecting the lifestyle of people. The products of daily use as well as the luxury items and leisure activities are the symbols of consumer culture of any country. The postmodern

An analysis of obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An analysis of obesity - Essay Example Obesity results from an increase in the intake of calories than the individual can burn off by engaging in physical activity. In the modern day, lifestyles promote the consumption of food with calories more so the ones that have excessive fats as well as sugar (Egger & Swinburn, 2010, 110). For instance, the working population loves eating take away foods mainly, fries, hamburger and milkshake. The fast food average a total of about 1,500 calories in a single meal yet an average person requires 2,000 to 2,500 calories to maintain a normal weight (Lustig, 2011, p.54). Biologically, the body of an individual who consumes products with excess calories tends to store the excess energy as fat. Lack of Physical Activity The situation worsens because most of the individuals spend a lot of time sitting on sofas or at desks in the work place. Rarely do people with excess body fats walk or engage in cycling to exercise the body because of the overreliance on cars. Obese people always have the desire to relax the body (Freedman, 2009, p.7). It is a lot more likely to find obese individuals watching television or browsing on the internet than going to the gym. Obese children are no exception as many are the cases where parents drive and pick up such children to school (Bouchard, 2000, p. 331). The children have negative attitude towards engaging in tiring exercises and would rather play computer games. Poor Diets Many families have poor diets comprising of either beer, which has a lot of calories or sugary drinks as part the meal.

Historical Weather Patterns of Michigan Essay Example for Free

Historical Weather Patterns of Michigan Essay Evaluating changes in synoptic patterns is tantamount to understanding regional climate change. To date, the synoptic evaluations that have been done regarding climate change output from General Circulation Models have been restricted mainly to examining changes in storm tracks across large areas. The north generally experiences colder weather compared to the south, but Michigan weather is unpredictable and switches rapidly, especially during the winter (Hodak, 21-28). Seasons and types of weatherfall, cool nights and warm days; wintersnowy and constantly cold, getting dark early in the evening; springwarmer days, often rainy with thunderstorms; summerhot days and warm nights, daylight lasting until late in the evening (Bohnak, 87-95). People love to talk about the weather. From Maine to the Midwest, locals are convinced that their weather conditions are the weirdest. Theyll tell you about the big blizzard, the great flood, or the hideous humidity, convinced that decades of harsh weather have shaped the characters of the local people (Keen, 19-27). Relationships between springtime heat accumulation and low temperature events in the western Lower Peninsula were investigated. Sixty years (1931-1990) of daily maximum and minimum temperature data from six stations were used to calculate seasonal growing degree day (GDD) accumulation normal and extremes  and their relationship to the date of last freeze at each station throughout the period. Results indicate that in spite of a wide range of individual station and year-to-year variability, both regional springtime GDD accumulation thresholds and last freeze dates are occurring earlier but the timing of GDD thresholds is changing more rapidly, resulting in a net trend toward more freezes after certain GDD thresholds are crossed and a flat or increasing amount of GDDs accumulated on the date of last freeze (Keith, 35-41). Extreme low temperature events are a normal part of springtime climatology in Michigan and can cause severe damage to many of the states diverse agricultural crops. In particular, late spring freezes are a major concern in the western counties of the Lower Peninsula where commercial fruit production is concentrated and their occurrence may be a significant factor in explaining inter-annual variations of yield (Hodak, 21-28). For example, a series of freezing nights in late May 1992, damaged several types of fruit (grapes, strawberries, plums, and sweet cherries), reducing the overall potential size of the crop. Although United States mean temperatures have been rising during the last decade, perhaps as part of a wider global trend, some recent springs have been particularly warm in Michigan (e.g. 1991), extreme low temperature events continue to occur (Keen, 19-27). The possible association between regional temperature trends and the risk of extreme minimum daily temperature events has not been widely examined. Some efforts have focused on documenting recent changes in the length of the growing season or on the relationship between mean temperature trends, but little is available concerning Michigan (Keith, 35-41). Furthermore, recent literature is largely silent on the question of how springtime low temperature risk is conditioned by antecedent weather patterns, that is, for example, whether a warm April is normally followed by a lower-than-average frost risk in May. Regardless, to the extent to which climatological findings of this type could be generalized from one climatic region to another is uncertain, so such relationships established elsewhere might carry very little information about the risk in Michigan (Bohnak,  87-95). One important relationship between human activities and the atmosphere is pollution. The health effects of polluted air and the ways in which humans and society can reduce pollution are ideas that are considered in the middle and high school benchmarks. At the high school level, in particular, this includes a discussion of global warming and acid rain. Interestingly, one issue for the teaching of these topics is the exclusive connection between air pollution and human activities with lack of regard for other natural sources of air pollution, such as burning leaves, fireplaces, volcanoes and methane gas from cows (Keen, 19-27). All of the changes are consistent with changes in the general large-scale flow patterns. An understanding of all these synoptic changes provides richness and a more conceptual understanding of how climate change may affect the Great Lakes region. References Bohnak, Karl, So Cold a Sky: Upper Michigan Weather Stories, Cold Sky Publishing, Negaunee, MI, pp. 87-95 Hodak, J. United States Weather: Michigan Edition, U.S. Weather Corp. Oklahoma City, OK. 1976, 21-28 Keen, Richard A., Michigan Weather, Publisher: Two Bears Press, September 1993, pp. 19-27 Keith Heidorn, Keith, And NowThe Weather, Publisher: Fifth House, Jul 13 2005, pp. 35-41

Production Planning And Control System Commerce Essay

Production Planning And Control System Commerce Essay Businesses can be of different types. Some industries focus on providing the customers with different types of services. Some others concentrate on selling of products. Majority of ventures are in the business of manufacturing something or the other. To start with, you would need some basic raw materials to which you would add some value to make something else. Simply put, this is production. Therefore, we can say that production is a business process in which a raw material is converted into finished or semi-finished products, in the process adding value to the of utility of products. This production procedure is measured by calculating the difference between the value of what goes into the production and the value of what is produced in the end. The things which go into the making of things are called the inputs and what is produced in the end is called the outputs. Say for example, if you want to manufacture dresses you will need cloth, labor, and machines at the primary level. These are all inputs. The end product, that is the dress, is the output. What is meant by production? Production can be described as a process of manufacturing or producing goods for trading purpose. It is a method that uses the intangible inputs like creativity, ideas, knowledge, research and perception in action. With the help of these intangible inputs, the tangible inputs like the raw materials are converted into finished products and made ready to be sold in the market. Production Function In mathematics, a function determines the relation between a set of inputs and the set of outputs. Similarly production function is that kind of a function through which assumed specification is made by the industry or a firm about the output in relation to all the input which went into the project. Production function serves to cater to the customer needs and demands in a cost effective way. Therefore planning and carrying out the production function in an efficient way is of prime importance to obtain this objective. Production Management Managing anything has to include proper planning at the initial level. The same thing is applicable in case of production management. You start with planning about how the production procedure will take place. Then you organize it according to your needs or requirements only after which you can execute the plan, direct and control the production activities. Hence, we can say that production management is the managing process which deals with the conversion of raw materials to the finished products that too in an economical way. Production management is guided by 6 Ms- a) money, b) men, c) materials, d) machines, e) methods and f) markets. If the same concept is applied to the management of services then the subsequent management activities are termed as operation management. Definitions of Production Management Here are some common and widely accepted definitions of production management: Production management deals with decision-making related to production processes so that the resulting goods or service is produced according to specification, in amount and by the schedule demand and at minimum cost. Elwood Spencer Buffa Production management,  also called  operations management, deals with planning and control of industrial processes to ensure that they move smoothly at the required levelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.In manufacturing operations, production management includes responsibility for product and process design, planning and control issues involving capacity and quality, and organization and supervision of the workforce. -Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Hence, we can easily say that, production management is the conversion of production inputs into outputs which when distributed in the market will cater to meet the demands of consumers. History of Production and Operation Management Industrial Revolution For over two and half centuries, production and operation management has been regarded as one of the important factors responsible for the economic growth and development of any country. With the outbreak of the industrial revolution in England in the mid 1700s a havoc change was observed in the industrial sectors. The changes began to be observed when the stream engine was invented by James Watt in 1764. It largely replaced the man power in the factories. In the year 1776 Adam Smith published his revolutionary book, The Wealth of Nations, where he talked about the specialization of labors in manufacturing and the economic benefits it avails to an industry. Therefore, the factories of the late 18th century experienced not only the use of the power by the newly invented machines but also new means of planning and controlling a factory production. About the same time the concept of division of labors came into being. Rapidly the industrial revolution spread from England to the other parts of Europe and also to America. Further development was observed as an American named Eli Whitney came up with the concepts of interchangeable parts and cost accounting. Early 1800s saw the advent of electricity and gasoline engines which enhanced the industrial revolution to a great extent. During the post civil war period an increased rate of production capacity was recorded which on the other hand led to growth of the capital. A massive production explosion followed in the newly developed U.S. market. Scientific Management- The concepts of scientific management, work study and time study was introduced by Frederick Taylor. He talked of the shop system as well which brought the skill, strength and learning ability of the workers into question. The shop system was the first to initiate the idea of the incentive pay. Specification of materials, methods of work and routing systems were used to organize the shop. It was the Ford Motor Company who embodied the major facets like interchangeable parts, low manufacturing cost, mass production, and standardized designs of the product of scientific management in 1920s. The scientific management was popularized by Henry Ford, who used it in his firms. These approaches helped him in maximizing the production at the plant. Operational Research System- During the Second World War enormous resources were installed. Military operational research squads were formed to deal with the complications of the deployment. P.M. Blacker is regarded as one of the main contributors in the field of operational research application in the Second World War. The operational system brought to the fore front the positive aspects of the system which helped the operational manager to control the complexities of production. Service Revolution- The publication of the Hawthorne studies in the 1930s revealed that human factors are influencing the production process to a great extent. The study report said that the ambiences, sociological and psychological conditions of the worker are affecting the production. It was the behavioralists who talked about these factors which made the industrialists change the way of treating the factory workers. The idea of the labors responding positively to the attention thus paid to them came to be acknowledged as the Hawthorne effect. The change in the thought process and the introduction of this new philosophy had a tremendous impact on the production planning and control system of the factories. Studies showed that the due to the increased use of machineries work became monotonous to the workers which affected the rate of production. In order to resolve this problem the workers were conferred a greater role in the planning procedure of the whole production so that they c an find interest in their work. Computer Revolution- It was the 1930s which witnessed the advent of the computer age. There was an explosive growth in the communication technology. Gathering information became very easy as everyone had an effortless access to it. Advancement in the software technology made the people aware about the usage of e-mails. More and more plants took initiation in starting E- Business. A special computerized system known as the Material Requirement Planning was developed which proved to be very useful in managing the business. Where we stand now? Today the whole production or operational management wholly stands on the demands and needs of the customers and providing them with quality products. This is because the competition level in the market is very high and in order to build and maintain the image and reputation of a company, customer satisfaction is the absolutely necessary. Other factors which are influencing the operational management these days are the advancement of the technologies, competition in the world wide market, cost challenges etc. Why Production and Operation Management is required? Any firm or industry needs production management. To achieve all its objectives- Every firm or industry possesses certain objectives behind the projects they undertake. Production management enables the firm to fulfill all its objectives in time and at the same time fulfill the demands of the customer. To gain reputation as well as to build up a good image in the market- One of the main objectives of production management is to satisfy the consumers. Production management helps in achieving this goal. Aids other functional fields- Production management aids the functional field of the industry or firm. Other functional sphere includes finance, personnel and marketing. It will be easier for the marketing department to sell good quality goods which in turn helps the financial department to gain more finances due to the increase of the sale of the products. This will also enable the company to acquire loans for expanding the firm. Proper management of the production will also help the personnel sector to handle the human resources properly and increase the efficiency of the resource. Aids in promoting new products- Production management controls the research and development section of the firm. It enables to study the market and needs of the customer depending on which they can introduce newly manufactured goods in the market. Helps in coping up with the competition level in the market- Same products may be produced by other companies as well. Production management helps the firm to cope up with the competition level in the market by keeping the quality, price, quantity of the products as per needs of the consumers. Produce the goods in a cost effective way- Cost of production can be checked and reduced to a great extent through proper management of production. It tries to minimize the input keeping the output to the optimum level. Maximize the use of resources- Production management assists in maximization of the use of resources like machines, human resources etc. Helps the firm to grow- Production management helps the company to expand itself which in turn enables the firm to yield greater profit. Production management is important to the consumers because- Improves the standard of living of the people The research work that the production department carries out reveals the demands and needs of the consumers which the industries cater to fulfill. This increases as well as improves the standard of lining of the people as they get to use good and new products. Enhances the economy- Production management helps to produce goods in a cost effective way. This leads to the proper economic growth of the country. Decreases the problem of unemployment- Unemployment is a major problem of our country. The activities of the production department of any firm open up many job prospects for the people. Quality of the products increases- As mentioned earlier production management controls the research and development sector of a firm. These researches help to provide the customers with the better quality of the product. Provides the customers with low cost products- Production management facilitate the customers with low cost products so that the majority of the population can avail that product for use. What is a system? System as we understand comprises of various sects which works together as a unit. All the processes are interdependent and function as a whole. The system operates with a distinct intention to fulfill the predetermined objectives. Massive systems are often a compilation of various sub-systems. Production System In a broader sense production system is the framework which supports all kinds of production activities that may take place within an organization. The process of manufacturing involves the conversion of inputs into outputs. A suitable designing of production system makes sure the coordination of the different procedures which undergoes in the production. There is no hard and fast rule that only a single pattern of production system is to be followed universally and have to be applied to all kinds of productions. It differs from one project to another. Definition The methods which include all functions required to collect the inputs, process or reprocess the inputs and produce the saleable outputs. Ray Wild defines production or operation system as a configuration of resources combined for the provision of goods and services. Production system has three main components namely- inputs, conversion process and outputs. Inputs comprise of machines, man-power, capital, raw materials, drawings, paper works. Conversion process includes all kinds of processes and procedures which can be mechanical or manual or chemical. These operations are responsible for converting all the inputs into the desired outputs. This stage of production system also has some supporting operations like obtaining of raw materials, storing, production planning, product designing etc. Outputs comprise of the end products which the firm will provide it to the customers like services, finished goods etc. Production management.png A Systematic Diagram of Production System Types of Production System In general there are two types of production system. They are- Continuous Production- It is a process which is used to produce products without any hindrance in a continuous way. This type of production system is void of any interruption. Continuous production is often referred to as continuous flow process or continuous process. It is so named because the raw materials which go into making of the product are continuously moving and at the same time are exposed to chemicals or heat or cold as required in the making of the product. By continuous we mean running twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, with rare shutdown of the working force which can be quarterly, semi-annually or annually. Goods are manufactured on a massive scale in a continuous production. They are not produced depending on the customers orders. This system of production requires huge investment in machineries. This type of production system is found in oil refineries, power stations etc. Characteristics of Continuous Production Production is continuous. Large scale production of goods takes place. Does not depend on the customers orders. Standardized products are produced. Quality of the goods is predetermined. Types of Continuous Production System Mass production flows-Here same kind of product is manufactured to fulfill the demand of the market. This system needs good planning for material, process, maintenance of machines and instruction to operators. Process production flows- The distinction between mass and process production is the kind of product a firm produces. Mass production manufactures the same products and is produced in a large scale. If the demand ceases, the machineries are used for manufacturing products of similar nature after slight modification. In process production, the plant and equipment is designed for a specific product. Hence if the demand falls for the product or ceases, the firm cannot be used for manufacturing other products. Intermittent Production System Unlike continuous production system intermittent production system as the name suggests is such a system where goods are produced on the basis on customers orders. Usually the goods are produced in a small scale. The production flow is not constant. Various types of products of various sizes are produced in this type of system. The system is very plastic. Ex- Production found in automobile plants, electric goods plants. Characteristics of Intermittent Production System Production is not continuous. Halts are made frequently. Various kinds of goods are produced. Machines used for general purpose is used. Production depends on the order of the clients. The level of production is usually small. Types of intermittent production system Project Production Flows- Here a firm accepts a single complex contract or order. The project has a deadline within which the contract has to be finished that too within an approximate calculated cost. Project production flows include projects like building a high rise, constructing a dam or an airport. Resource requirements are high at the beginning of the project but ultimately ceases as the project nears its end. Job Production Flows- Items are manufactured only on the basis of specifications made by the customers. The cost is determined at the time of signing the project. Highly skilled labors are required in job production flows. Ex- Services the tailoring shops, repairing stores provide. Batch Production Flows- The production schedule is decided before commencing on the project. It depends on the estimate of consumers demands or upon the specific customers orders. The manufacturing process of the product is divided into a number of batches sequentially. Each batch is to be completed first to start with the next. A detailed production planning is required in batch production flows. Ex. Manufacturing of drugs. Factors Influencing Production Process Supplies The production or manufacturing process largely depends on the supplies of raw materials. If the supply of materials is hampered due to problems like transportation or bad weather, the fixed target cannot be achieved within the promised time. On the contrary if there is a smooth supply of materials then the flow of production will be normal and the production schedule can be easily followed. Power Supply- For running any plant, supply of incessant power is required. Even if the power supply is gets disrupted temporarily can have a great impact on the production process. Machineries and Equipments- A sudden shut down of any of the machineries of the equipments used in the production of product can lead to minimization of the production rate. Continual operations of the equipments are necessary in order to improve the efficiency of the machines. Man Power- The labors directly associated with the manufacturing process can influence the production in many ways. For example, sick leaves and vacations taken by key workers have a negative impact on manufacturing. Capacity of the plant is also influences the production procedure of a firm. The larger the firm, the larger will be the production, all the other factors remaining constant. Flexibility- The production process should be elastic in order to adapt to the changes that take place during the production process. Product Design Designing a product by a firm includes a strategic procedure of planning to create a new product to be sold to the customers. The product design is one of the most crucial and sensitive aspect for an organization. Success or failure of the sale of the product depends on a number of factors which ultimately decides the reputation and image of the company in the market. So during the designing period of the product there are a number of things which need to be paid heeded to. Everything is analyzed while designing a product right from what the general public likes to the cost and the process which undergoes in making the product. Production Planning and Control (PPC) The main aim of any manufacturing plant is to produce the products. Therefore the production is the core of the entire business operations. It is the driving force to which all the other functions of the plant depend. Once the industrialist has taken the decision about the product design, the next step he takes is planning the production and chalk out the controlling process. This is very much important for the economical aspect of the project. PPC is absolutely necessary for the small scale industries. A question may arise that why controlling of the manufacturing process is required. Well production planning without production control is like a school without the Headmaster. Planed decisions when put to action can go wrong, but checking the damage due to the mishap is production control. Objectives of Production Planning and Control a) To determine the ability of all producing sectors b) To plan the manufacturing activities in a systematic order depending on the sales demand of the market c) To endorse the fullest utilization of the firm d) To train labors for effective performance e) To ensure means of finding out the manufacturing needs and requirements so that the materials needed for the production can be attained at right time in the right quality as well as quantity f) To maintain coordination between the various sectors of the production process. Stages of Production Planning and Control The following tree will show you what the stages of PPC are PPC.png Production Planning and Control Process Production Planning It is a practice of foreseeing the stages of production process before commencing on a distinct project and also to judge the efficiency level of all those stages through which the maximum profit of the industry can be brought about at the scheduled time. It enables the entrepreneur to estimate the quantity of raw materials, money and labors to be needed for the production. Routing It helps in determining the course and progression of the production activities of a plant. The machines which will be required for the operations and the executives to be engaged for the work are determined in the routing stage. The main intention of routing is arrange the production procedure in a cost effective manner. It also makes sure that the decided sequential arrangement is followed firmly. The discussion about the quality and estimation of the cost of the product to be produced is also done in the routing stage. Scheduling Scheduling means determining the approximate time to be taken by each production activity and also all the operations taken together. It highly differs from one job to the other. Time is the main factor which is worked upon at this stage of production planning. Loading Here the schedule planned in the previous step is put into practice. Loading therefore decides who will be given the responsibility to do the work at hand. It helps in judging the existing work load and also to predict how early the remaining work can be finished. Production Control As mentioned earlier every production process must be controlled to keep the process running smoothly and fulfill the production of the products within the specified time. The production control department can perform effectively only when the financial manager, personnel manager, work manager and purchase manager works together in case of small scale industry. Dispatching To start a production process an authorization is required which is done in this stage. From the movement of materials to the different work stations, keeping a track of the cost occurred in each operation of the production, inspection of the activities are all looked after in the dispatching stage of the production control. This step is very significant because it converts the production plan into action. Follow Up Follow up, also regarded as reporting, is that stage of production control where the follies of the production plan or in the schedule structure of the operations are recorded. The main objective behind the follow up stage is to make sure all the decided plans and programs are been followed. It finds out whether there is any deviation from the production plan or not. And if there is any, immediate action is taken to resolve the fault and finish the production within the scheduled time. Inspection This stage is concerned about checking the quality of the finished goods because it is the most vital factor as the image, the name and the reputation of the company in the market depends on it Corrective Measures Corrective measures involve all those activities which are done to rectify the faults which may have occurred in the routing, scheduling, loading scheduling or in any of the stages of the production planning or control system. Decisions regarding the inclusion of more labors, transfer of personnel to other work stations, training of the employees are also taken in the corrective stage. Conclusion From the above discussion one thing can be easily understood that without efficient planning and control no business company can fulfill its objective of earning a profit. Production planning and control becomes very much crucial for the small scale industries because they frequently face the challenge of producing goods at a very low cost. Production planning not only aids the companies to determine the convenient production procedure they need to follow but also reveals the risk factors which they are likely to face during the manufacturing process.