Historical Novel Essay Example For Students

Historical Novel Essay 1. The role of St. Benedict influences life in the monastery by setting specific rules that monks should follow. In Chapter 6 of the St Benedict rules, it portrays the essence of silence, but does not rule out any dire discussion. This rule is applied during Compline which is when the monks meal proceeded in silence, as is customary (94). In relation to the Cellarer, chapters 31-32 in the Rule explain that the Cellarer is responsible for important valuables of the abbey. While Salvatore was in the kitchen, the chief cook noticed that he was hiding some chicken scraps and he scolded him saying, Cellarer, cellarer, you must look after the goods of the abbey, not squander them! (121). He reminded Salvatore of the rule that he follows. Abbot Abo expresses chapter 56 of the Rule, which directs that the abbot shall take his meals with the guests. He does this on the first day during Compline, the abbot invited William to his table and said that for this evening, since I was also a new guest, I would enjoy the same privilege (93). Malachi the Librarian renders chapter 33 of the Rule which forbids the private possession of anything without the leave of the abbot. He explained the process that is conveyed when distributing books from the library, the monk asked the librarian for the work he wish to consult and the librarian then went to fetch it from the library above, if the request was justified and devout (74). 2. Eco sets up the interest concept of knowing is seeing during the conversation between William, Adso and the master glazier, Nicholas of Mormimondo. People sometimes do not accept new improvements to life, just because it does not come in accord with what they believe in. They might know what it may do but do not believe in it. William expresses this idea when hes describing why he had to restrain himself from using his glasses during trials saying, I myself, during trials in which someone was suspected of dealings with the Devil, have had to take care not to use these lenses I myself would have been considered a friend of the accused (87). It proves how those that were present were not mentally ready to see such an instrument as the glasses he hid. Nicholas profession as a master glazier collaborates the metaphor even more since he did not know of the works that could be done with glass to sharpen ones eyesight and that glassmaking is not only for the manufacture of windows. He expresses great interest in the lenses when William spoke of it saying, I hope you will allow me to examine them one of these days; I would be happy to produce some similar ones, (86). Unlike ignorant people that were at the trial with William, Nicholas welcomed the new finding and rejoiced at such a wonder. William gives an excellent metaphor when he replies to Nicholas statement on how he feels that he cannot compare to the ancient master glaziers when he says, We are dwarfs, but dwarfs who stand on the shoulders of giants, and small though we are, we sometimes manage to see farther in the horizon then they (86). His response meant that though he might not have been able to compose glass windows as those before him, which does not mean that he can not formulate something equally magnificent to it. Many may understand the concept of knowing is seeing but until they truly believe it, theyll have nothing. 3. The discovery of Vanantius body in the vat of pigs blood contains two allusional references. One being a biblical allusion in the Old Testament concerning the symbolism of pigs blood. In Deuteronomy 14:4 it speaks of the consumption and touch of the meat and blood of a pig as being unclean. .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .postImageUrl , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:hover , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:visited , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:active { border:0!important; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:active , .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9a936cf3f2cbb16ee396c0bff2869de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life And Death In John Keats EssayA comment towards the blood is made when Vanantius body was being removed from the scene saying, The abbot ordered the corpse to be extracted from the ghastly liquid (104). Referring to the blood as a ghastly liquid supports the biblical allusion. The second allusion is one referring to a previous phrase made by William concerning the hoof prints in the snow (26) made by Brunellus. William reiterates this phrase slightly differently but still pertaining into the same concept saying, another mans body leaves deep tracks in the snow (106). Both symbolize the snow being a slate where William can deduct the events that occurred. 4. There are three debates between William and Jorge concerning the legality of laughter. These debates show the development of each character. William expresses that laughter is a way of life and believes laughter is a good medicine like baths, to treat humors and the other afflictions of the body, (131) but Jorge disagrees and believes that laughter brings evil upon oneself. He replies to William saying, Laughter shakes the body, distorts the features of the face, makes man similar to the monkey (131). Jorge expresses he ignorance and is again disproved as William responded to that comment saying, Monkeys do not laugh (131). He shows humor in his response to Jorge which enraged him and kept the debate going deeper and deeper. Jorges support to his argument is that Christ did not laugh (132) because there is no scripture in the bible stating that he did and that laughter is something very close to death and to the corruption of the body (96). Both make compelling arguments but William never showed doubt in what he was saying unlike Jorge who insulted William in Latin saying, Tum podex carmen exulit horridulum (130) which meant Then this asshole let out a vulgar sound. William realized that the old man was set in his ways and was not only blinded physically but blinded mentally and he decided to humble himself saying, Perhaps what you say is correct, and I was mistaken (134). 5. There is an apparent allusion found between William and Adsos attempt to solve the problem of gaining entrance to the Finis Africae, Edgar Allan Poes The Gold Bug, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyles Adventures of the Dancing Men. The reference being that all three are mysteries that needed code deciphering. William expresses, Bacon was right in saying that the conquest of learning is achieved through the knowledge of languages and The best treatises on cryptography are the work of infidel scholars (Eco 165). One can see that in Adventures of the Dancing Men, Holmes makes a similar statement saying, I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing and am myself the author of a trifling monograph on the subject (Doyle 720). Both are describing how they fortunately have the knowledge of code deciphering. In The Gold Bug, Poe utilizes a superior example as Mr. Legrand appeared to be frenetic as he assembled an intricate system of unfamiliar codes via the use of the gold bug.

Up in Arms About Samples Essay Report?

Up in Arms About Samples Essay Report? It is clear that other individuals have done similar experiments. There are various sorts of reports that are supplied to the students by professors and it's important to understand their difference before writing them. Understandably, they do not have enough time to handle their assignments, or even do research work while juggling their out-of-school life. In most instances, they lack the proper language skills, research time and guidance necessary to do a perfect assignment. Since you might not use the exact same sample, it is crucial to have a lab report conclusion sample or an illustration of different sections to guide you. In many cases, readers are attracted to certain documents due to their topics. The sole aim of a report is to objectively present readers with all the appropriate info in connection with a specific matter. A superb lab report introduction example can act as a reference for what's required in the introductory p aragraphs. Samples Essay Report at a Glance A descriptive essay conclusions should supply the reader with a mental picture of a specific matter. Reading the report to an audience may also aid a writer to steer clear of some mistakes while additionally keeping the focus and aim of the report. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. The trick to writing a superb effectiveA essay is to get the passion to write it. You can also see report samples. Report is employed in phrases like on report. You might have to be descriptive whilst writing a report. The reports also help document the entire conference. Essay writing comes in various forms. There's numerous essays completed by them. They, on the other hand, do not have sections and while writers may need to have subheadings within their essays, they are not conventional. Put simply, it can be said that you might have to to be creative when writing an essay. It's possible to write an essay on using the figure of speech of metaphor by Shakespeare depending on the literature that is available to you. After all, you don't wish to provide your readers the incorrect interpretation. There are lots of subjects which you can experiment on. The Lost Secret of Samples Essay Report A report is a type of writing that is systematic, organized, and frequently attempts to define or analyze an issue or an occasion. The time once the story happens. If your story occurs in just a little town, go up ahead and mention it. The New Angle On Samples Essay Report Just Released The very first step towards book report writing is to select a book and read it. It is possible to mention to the readers whether you believe they need to read the book and why. The body of your book should have an overview of the book. Writing a book report is definitely among the most difficult tasks students can be requested to undertake. Read my essay writing service revi ews and my guide to selecting the ideal service for everything you want to understand about how to select the best writing businesses. When you discover that you are unable to finish a paper by yourself, the very best decision would be to seek writing assistance from a specialist. It would be more expensive to buy the entire book than ordering a complete report from our services. Report writing tips are easily obtainable on the web. Key Pieces of Samples Essay Report Planning is the secret thing in the first stages as it will help to prevent wastage of time. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the proper style. Having sample lab reports also will help to conserve time. An individual can avoid all of the hassle by getting a sample accomplished by a specialist. Gossip, Deception and Samples Essay Report A health report also acts as a way of communication once it comes to various health care professionals which are totally unrelated. Our me dical month-to-month management report template is also readily available for use. Therefore, the physical development isn't always predictable. The physical maturation of child E can be found in all the observations. If you prefer to evaluate or overlook the functioning of the intern in the business, the internship reports work nicely in giving the feedback and also measuring the work done. Supreme quality guidance and tips are supplied to the college students so they can finish their assignments punctually. Reports can also assist you by making certain you recognize just what you should do as a way to repair the problems the firm may be facing. Budget reports can allow you to learn more about what you actually need in order to finish the budget and plan accordingly. What You Need to Know About Samples Essay Report Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and an appropriate structure. The aim of each kind of writing also differs. The thing you ought to do to be able to structure an argumentative essay is to set a claim that's debatable. It is a type of thesis or composition where you have to present your view and attempt to convince others that your facts and arguments are correct. The Chronicles of Samples Essay Report Many writers forget the problem of scope when choosing a topic. Always make certain to take a look at the review my essay section of any writing service website you're thinking of using. An outline of a book report typically is made up of the vital events and characters that play an immense part in the book. Project reports can be ideal for the occasion because they have the appropriate format to tell everything about the project that is presently being handled.

Research Paper Topics About Current Issues in Education

Research Paper Topics About Current Issues in EducationOne of the best ways to be prepared for the assignment that you will be given in your college or university is to be well versed on some of the best research paper topics about current issues in education. Education is a field where every topic that you will find in a school is usually connected to another school.Reading different literature can give you a lot of knowledge and new ideas about a subject matter. There are some topics that are not directly related to your topic but can be included in your research paper topics about current issues in education.For example, there are many topics about special needs children and their educational problems. These topics may be used as part of your research paper topic about current issues in education.Some of the topics that you can use as part of your research paper topics about current issues in education are; reading ability, reading, spelling, self esteem, math, grammar, grammar pr oblems, special education, special needs, and special education teachers. There are many other topics as well, but these are some that you should consider when you are ready to write your research paper.Another topic that is worth knowing about are the results of the studies that were conducted in public and private schools in terms of the successes and failures that were reported from the students that participated in those studies. You can use this information when you are writing your research paper topics about current issues in education.The next thing that you can include is reading lists that have been written by teachers or groups of teachers who have done some reading for their students. You can also use the online reading lists provided by various websites to include in your research paper topics about current issues in education.As you continue to read about these topics, you will be able to learn more about the different areas of education that are considered current iss ues. The topics and information that you will learn can help you write an effective research paper for your paper.Another great way to prepare for your research paper topics about current issues in education is to use a word processor program that is capable of saving your research and writing it in a format that can be easily read by the computer. You can also find a lot of programs that are available on the internet that will help you prepare and read about the topics that you will be writing about.

Who Else Wants to Learn About Definition Argument Essay Topics College?

Who Else Wants to Learn About Definition Argument Essay Topics College? Top Definition Argument Essay Topics College Choices Whatever the topic that you're exploring in your argumentative essay, following principles of the structure ought to be maintained to have a decent level. You might also want to incorporate a brief discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. At length, the conclusion comprises a restatement of the position and a concise review of the reasons and counters. The introduction comprises an explanation of the problem, background info, and the author's position. There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. If as you are preparing a report you just analyze specific literature, the essay demands an excellent penetration into the issue. Any academic writing piece calls for an appropriate structure. The Start of Definition Argument Essay Topics College The protracted definition essay topics include terms that may be interpreted in a number of different ways. It helps to find another meaning for things from the past, so we could make our future better. A definition essay is a kind of academic writing paper assigned to allow the students learn the significance of new words and train paraphrasing abilities. To generate the topics you simply have to choose definition essay in the sort of essay and set some keywords in case you have any on your mind. As usual, in concluding section you've got to sum up the principal points of your argument but in various words. Each paragraph needs to be restricted to the discussion of one general idea. Even a complete paragraph may not be sufficient to share the full sense. Use enough words to demonstrate your private opinion, provide some examples from the actual life, and tell the significance of the period. It is impossible to create an actual friend online. Speak to our representative agent via live chat and receive the help that you require. It's very helpful to get the use of the word in media, for instance, in movies, magazines. There are an endless number of words which can be defined in the period of an essay. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are necessary to support your understanding of academic writing style. The Definition Argument Essay Topics College Cover Up Writing a brief draft is extremely effective, and a few teachers even require students to submit drafts to ensure that they've written the essay themselves. The list of the greatest argumentative essay topics for college students contains nice and versatile suggestions that will boost your students and make them think. You must have skills to compose a fantastic essay. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. The standard of definition paper is contingent on the topic you pick. Personal schools are far better than public schools. You may use many examples which can be found on the world wide web at no cost. You will learn the way to compose a definition essay, how to choose the topic you love the most, how to deal with defining the complicated provisions. So make sure you select a subject, which has values in it. Mention the way the definition you were speaking about affected you. The definition has to be thorough and long. In the initial one, talk about the origin of the word and the way it was used previously. You will need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data also. For a student who doesn't investigate correctly, it is extremely simple to become confused and to mix up definitions or explanations. It's important to always provide a conventional definition of your subject in at the start of the definition essay, even if your definitions vary from the customary meaning.

Essay Writing, A Sample Journey Through Your Life

Essay Writing, A Sample Journey Through Your LifeFor many students, the sample essay hero's journey is a staple of their essays. This technique can help students master these different parts of their essay and hone in on the basic points of the theme.The beginning. Begin with an outline of the theme and how it relates to the beginning of their lives. In this stage, you will generally only need to follow the outline of the essay and not create any original material. However, if you do want to write your own essay, then the introduction is the stage to do so.The introduction is the first step in a new essay. It is important to remember that any essay must begin with a clearly defined goal. Whether it is a goal like, 'To teach my child to write,' or 'To be a writer,' your essay must begin with an explanation of the problem, its definition, and the steps to solving it.Next, you will need to summarize the beginning of your life. You will also need to discuss why you chose to write an essa y about this topic. In this stage, you may have to edit your opening paragraph, and you should also edit any paragraphs beginning with the word 'who' to make sure they are relevant to the article's theme.The conclusion. Finally, you will need to answer the question at the end of the introduction. The theme of your essay needs to be addressed, and this should be done with confidence and clarity. Any question raised during the introduction, or that can be answered in the body of the essay, needs to be answered here.Examples of samples include: 'John Doe was born a thief, and grew up to become a detective,' and 'A person who is set up in a situation where they need to make a decision will inevitably make a wrong decision. 'You may also use examples that are more directly related to the theme. These examples would include, 'The five thieves were given an ultimatum by the emperor to steal a piece of gold, which they could not afford, or they would all die, but, when they were able to get the money, they chose not to steal it.In conclusion, you must have a theme for your essay. In order to achieve this, you must understand the ending of your life and how it relates to the beginning. Once you understand this, then you can begin the process of creating your essay.By starting from the beginning and working your way through the topics in your life, you will find that the result will be a well-written, well-rounded, well-formulated essay. You will also find that you have already made the first step in your essay writing journey.

Of Mice And Men By Steinbeck Report Essays - English-language Films

Of Mice And Men By Steinbeck Report The novel Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is about two ranch hands, George and Lennie. George is a small, smart-witted man, while Lennie is a large, mentally- handicapped man. They are trying to raise enough money to buy their own ranch, by working as ranch hands. During the setting of the story, they are at a ranch whose owner's name is Curley. It is in this setting that the novel reveals that the main theme is death and loss. Lennie accidentally killing all of his pets establishes that the theme of this novel is death and loss. These pets consist of mice, dogs, kittens, etc. Lennie loves to feel and pet animals, but he does not know his own strength. He kills them without really noticing what he has done, until George tells him that he did something wrong. After being scolded, Lennie is very remorseful about what he did. Once, after being yelled at Lennie says, "I pinched their heads a little and then they was dead- because they were so little (13)." Lennie's remorse is probably more for upsetting George than it is for actually killing the animal. Another way that death and loss is evidenced by this novel is when Lennie killed Curley's wife. When Lennie is in the barn (after killing his new puppy) Curley's wife came into the barn and came on to Lennie. Lennie not knowing what was happening let her lull him into touching her hair. To Lennie it was like petting any other animal. Curley's wife became flustered when Lennie became scared and would not let go of her hair. She started to scream and Lennie tried to cup her mouth, which concluded in him killing her. Lennie was truly remorseful after this action. Soon after killing her Lennie can be heard saying to himself, "I done a bad thing. I done another bad thing (121)." The final confirmation of the death and loss theme occurred to George, not Lennie. After going to the place where George had told him to go if anything went wrong, Lennie lays and waits in the brush for George to come get him. What Lennie wasn't expecting was George to come with a posse of ranch hands with him. The ranch hands were not quite there, when George shot Lennie in the back of the head to save him the pain the posse would do to him. After he shot him "the brush seemed filled with cries (140)", which symbolizes the loss of George after shooting Lennie. This was a truly great loss for him since Lennie was his best friend. Of Mice and Men is a very sad and depressing story that contains many deaths of many living creatures. Many people had a loss from these deaths, especially George. He had to shoot his best friend. This can possibly be the greatest loss of all, because without friends, where would we be?

It coursework project 1a Essay Example

It coursework project 1a Essay Example It coursework project 1a Essay It coursework project 1a Essay In this coursework I will try to encourage middle aged adults to ride bikes as a frequent form of transport or leisure. I intend persuade my audience in form of a leaflet. In this I will explain the environmental issues and the safety that is involved while cycling. Microsoft Publisher 97 will be the software that will help me create this leaflet. I will be saving my coursework in a specially allocated area for me, within my schools Local Area Network (LAN). My Network Area This shows the directories and sub-directories where I will save my work, in the form of a tree diagram. This screenshot proves where I will be saving the work for this coursework. For my internet search I will be using a very good and popular search engine, google. It can found at google.com I will start by searching for cycling With the single keyword cycling I got 3,390,000 results, which is too much to manually look through. I will use more keywords to narrow down the results that I get. As you can see, I got 3,390,000 results, which is too much to manually look through. By using more keywords, I will narrow my search down and filter unwanted results. Just by adding a few more keywords, my search has narrowed down to a more realistic number, but it is still not practical to search through 3,220 webpages. The + sign in front of the keywords, tell the search engine that the results must include these results. The - sign in front if the keywords tell the search engine to filter results with these words. Its illegal to copy, distribute or alter the contents of copyright material without the owners permission. There is a data protection act which states that companies that keep records of their customers personal details, should inform the customers that they have these details, and the data that they keep must be up to date. Banks keep sensitive information of their customers credit rating which is very sensitive, and the customers should be able to view these details when they wish. Addresses of customers must be kept up to date. I took the screenshot below from msn.co.uk from the bottom of the web page. This shows the copyright of that web page. There are many health issues related to ICT: ; Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which is reconised as the stiffness of the arms or shoulders. It is caused by repetitive finger movements over large periods of time. To reduce the risk of RSI, you should buy a keyboard with an ergonomic design and regularly take breaks while using the keyboard, for long periods of time. ; Adjustable chairs and screen that can tilt will help prevent back pain and also prevent eyes strain. ; A monitor placed from a user can cause the user o strain their eyes. ; General Stress and fatigue can sometimes be caused when users stay in contact their machine for prolonged periods of time. Taking breaks can help reduce this. ; There should be no wiring left around the room for anyone to trip over. ; Electrical sockets should not be overloaded. ; The sockets should have the correct fuses and the computer should be properly earthed. ; Fire extinguishers should be available to counter any fires that occur from electrical devices. The fire extinguishers must not be water based, because they are not meant for use with electrical items. Advantages ; Word -Processors such as Microsoft word, allow us to edit documents without typing it all out again, which could be very time consuming. ; There are many graphic tools available, which are especially useful for presentations, and have effects that cannot be done by an unskilled hand. ; Some word- processors offer many very useful features such as spell check and word count. ; Large amounts of text and pictures can be easily and quickly copied. ; Files can be easily backed up in case of data loss. ; The internet has lots of information on a wide range on topics. This information can be quickly and easily found. Disadvantages: ; Computer games can be addictive and very time consuming. ; A computer has become so useful that many people spend most of their day on a computer, which prevents them from doing any exercise or socialising. In the future this can lead to an increased number of obese children. ; Data published on the net may be of adult content ands therefore not be suitable for children. Although there are some programs that can monitor activities on the net, programs of reasonable quality are usually expensive, and cannot substitute a human supervisor. ; For example, using an online purchasing system or any anything in which you upload sensitive information about yourself, is potentially dangerous because it is possible that hackers may intercept the data. ; Some people may not know how to use a computer (or software) to its full potential. Some users may find it complicated. If someone gets unauthorised access to your computer, either through a network connection, or physically being at your terminal, they could quite easily delete all your files. This is unlikely with the manual method. Users may find that different software is incompatible with an earlier or later version of the same program or even completely different programs. This can be frustrating. A computer virus is a program which: * May attach itself to another program or file and runs when the program or file is executed. * It may alter the contents of your hard drive and may delete essential files, without your knowledge. * They may be spread from computer to computer, either by email, or downloading a file from an unknown source such as a website, claiming to give away free software or a person you have met in a chat room claiming to have the software that you need. Writing or knowingly distributing viruses is illegal and is a punishable offence. The schools computers were prevented from viruses by: * Using anti-virus software. * Regularly updating the database of the anti-virus software. * Files were automatically backed up in case of an virus attack or a loss of data. * I avoided downloading files from unknown sources, especially emails. Unsolicited email is very common to any frequent internet user. They usually advertise products but, very rarely, you may receive an email with an attachment. It may be from someone you do not know, and they may ask you to open the attachment in some way, for example, one might tell you that there is a game inside, and therefore ask you to try it out or maybe one might tell you that your requested files are in the attachment, if you get any of these emails delete them immediately without opening the attachment. I unfortunately had to learn this the hard way. Luckily my anti-virus software notified me of the presence of a virus and stopped me from executing the file, that was an attachment of an email. Hacking: Though it is not very usual, viruses can be introduced by users who have unauthorised access to the computer. These users are known as Hackers, and the method they use to get access to your computer is referred to as hacking, which involves breaking codes and passwords. Passwords: To reduce the risk of being hacked, users must use usernames and passwords. Each user has a unique username and a password that only the user should know. If the either the username or password is incorrect, access is restricted. The username identifies the user and the password is known only to the user and validates the users identity. Your password must be kept a secret, and if found out, must be changed immediately. Protecting passwords: They should not be a word found in the dictionary, or a word that is obvious. This prevents what is called a Dictionary attack. Programs are made to try out every word in the dictionary, as your password. They should be made longer than 6 characters There are programs which try every possible combination of numbers, letters and symbols as the password. It will take longer this way, but eventually it will work. To prevent this from happening, our school automatically prevents access to an account whereby the password has been incorrectly entered, a certain number of times. Advantages Word -Processors such as Microsoft word, allow us to edit documents without typing it all out again, which could be very time consuming. There are many graphic tools available, which are especially useful for presentations, and have effects that cannot be done by an unskilled hand. Some word- processors offer many very useful features such as spell check and word count. Large amounts of text and pictures can be easily and quickly copied. Files can be easily backed up in case of data loss. The internet has lots of information on a wide range on topics. This information can be quickly and easily found. Disadvantages: Computer games can be addictive and very time consuming. A computer has become so useful that many people spend most of their day on a computer, which prevents them from doing any exercise or socialising. In the future this can lead to an increased number of obese children. Data published on the net may be of adult content ands therefore not be suitable for children. Although there are some programs that can monitor activities on the net, programs of reasonable quality are usually expensive, and cannot substitute a human supervisor. For example, using an online purchasing system or any anything in which you upload sensitive information about yourself, is potentially dangerous because it is possible that hackers may intercept the data. Some people may not know how to use a computer (or software) to its full potential. Some users may find it complicated. ; If someone gets unauthorised access to your computer, either through a network connection, or physically being at your terminal, they could quite easily delete all your files. This is unlikely with the manual method. ; Users may find that different software is incompatible with an earlier or later version of the same program or even completely different programs. This can be frustrating. Its illegal to copy, distribute or alter the contents of copyright material without the owners permission. There is a data protection act which states that companies that keep records of their customers personal details, should inform the customers that they have these details, and the data that they keep must be up to date. Banks keep sensitive information of their customers credit rating which is very sensitive, and the customers should be able to view these details when they wish. Addresses of customers must be kept up to date. I took the screenshot below from msn.co.uk from the bottom of the web page. This shows the copyright of that web page. A computer virus is a program which: * May attach itself to another program or file and runs when the program or file is executed. * It may alter the contents of your hard drive and may delete essential files, without your knowledge. * They may be spread from computer to computer, either by email, or downloading a file from an unknown source such as a website, claiming to give away free software or a person you have met in a chat room claiming to have the software that you need. Writing or knowingly distributing viruses is illegal and is a punishable offence. The schools computers were prevented from viruses by: * Using anti-virus software. * Regularly updating the database of the anti-virus software. * Files were automatically backed up in case of an virus attack or a loss of data. * I avoided downloading files from unknown sources, especially emails. Unsolicited email is very common to any frequent internet user. They usually advertise products but, very rarely, you may receive an email with an attachment. It may be from someone you do not know, and they may ask you to open the attachment in some way, for example, one might tell you that there is a game inside, and therefore ask you to try it out or maybe one might tell you that your requested files are in the attachment, if you get any of these emails delete them immediately without opening the attachment. I unfortunately had to learn this the hard way. Luckily my anti-virus software notified me of the presence of a virus and stopped me from executing the file, that was an attachment of an email. Hacking: Though it is not very usual, viruses can be introduced by users who have unauthorised access to the computer. These users are known as Hackers, and the method they use to get access to your computer is referred to as hacking, which involves breaking codes and passwords. Passwords: To reduce the risk of being hacked, users must use usernames and passwords. Each user has a unique username and a password that only the user should know. If the either the username or password is incorrect, access is restricted. The username identifies the user and the password is known only to the user and validates the users identity. Your password must be kept a secret, and if found out, must be changed immediately. Protecting passwords: They should not be a word found in the dictionary, or a word that is obvious. This prevents what is called a Dictionary attack. Programs are made to try out every word in the dictionary, as your password. They should be made longer than 6 characters There are programs which try every possible combination of numbers, letters and symbols as the password. It will take longer this way, but eventually it will work. To prevent this from happening, our school automatically prevents access to an account whereby the password has been incorrectly entered, a certain number of times. There are many health issues related to ICT: Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which is reconised as the stiffness of the arms or shoulders. It is caused by repetitive finger movements over large periods of time. To reduce the risk of RSI, you should buy a keyboard with an ergonomic design and regularly take breaks while using the keyboard, for long periods of time. Adjustable chairs and screen that can tilt will help prevent back pain and also prevent eyes strain. A monitor placed from a user can cause the user o strain their eyes. General Stress and fatigue can sometimes be caused when users stay in contact their machine for prolonged periods of time. Taking breaks can help reduce this. There should be no wiring left around the room for anyone to trip over. Electrical sockets should not be overloaded. The sockets should have the correct fuses and the computer should be properly earthed. Fire extinguishers should be available to counter any fires that occur from electrical devices. The fire extinguishers must not be water based, because they are not meant for use with electrical items. Dos ; Always save your work ; Always log off after the end of an I.T session. ; Tell the supervising teacher if you find anything damaged, before you start using the computer. ; Look in the help section of the programme if you run into difficulty. Pressing F1 will mormally give help and reading the relevant section may resolve the problem. If not, requwst supervision from the teacher or the I.T technician. ; Check any disks or files that you download onto the computer, with a virus scanner. Regularly make backups of your work. If it is present, make use of the Autosave function, which automatically saves your work at user-defined intervals. Donts Never eat or drink in the I.T lab. Never tamper with the wires behind the computer. Dont switch off or disconnect the machine if you have a problem. Call a teacher or I.T technition. ; Dont switch off the pc until you get this message: It is now safe to switch off Dont place unshielded equipment not supplied to the pc near to it. A radio or mobile phone near to the monitor,, for example, may cause a distorted picture. ; Dont get scratches on compact disks. This may result in them being unusable. Dont leave applications open when not in use. Too man applications open at any one time can slow down the operation of the pc. ; Dont delete files that you have not created. Programs have their own data files and deleting these files will stop the computer from working. Errors Errors occur when something goes wrong or something unexpected happens. Errors can occur in hardware and software. Hardware errors: Hardware errors usually occurs when the computer boots up. The following hardware error occurs when a computer boots up while floppy disk is present in its floppy disk drive. Invalid system disk Replace the disk, and then press any key. This happened to me many times. It required me to remove the floppy disk and then press any key. Software errors: Any error that occurs in the operating system or programs within it is a software error. The following error occurred to me, while I was using Microsoft Internet Explorer, and I had entered a web page that either could not be found or was invalid. Help: From the screenshot above, you can see that Internet Explorer offers some help on the error. Usually by pressing F1, a help menu can be accessed. Newer software offer online help, either in the form of guidance from a web page or a professional.